Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/110003
Title: Senyawa Kimia dari Adenostemma lavenia dan Muntingia calabura sebagai Agen Anti-inflamasi: Uji in Vitro dan in Silico
Other Titles: Chemical Compounds of Adenostemma lavenia and Muntingia calabura as Anti-inflammatory Agents: In Vitro and in Silico Asssay
Authors: Iswantini, Dyah
Wahyudi, Setyanto Tri
Tuwalaid, Bagaskoro
Issue Date: 2021
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Inflamasi biasanya dipicu oleh mediator-mediator proinflamasi seperti tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, dan IL-6 serta prostaglandin yang dikatalisis oleh enzim siklooksigenase-2 (COX-2). Inflamasi yang terjadi secara terus menerus dapat menimbulkan masalah baru yang lebih berbahaya seperti penyakit jantung, penyakit paru-paru, arthritis, dan dapat memicu terjadinya proliferasi sel kanker. Diperlukan upaya pengobatan salah satunya dengan menurunkan produksi prostaglandin dengan cara menghambat aktivitas COX-2 serta menurunkan produksi TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan daya inhibisi ekstrak A. lavenia dan M. calabura terhadap COX-2 secara in vitro dan in silico terhadap beberapa protein proinflamasi TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6. Penambatan molekul dilakukan untuk mengetahui energi ikat protein-ligan dan melihat interaksi yang terjadi antara senyawa aktif dari A. lavenia dan M. calabura terhadap reseptor COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6. Kestabilan pengikatan protein dengan ligan yang dihasilkan dari proses docking dapat ditentukan menggunakan simulasi dinamika molekul (MD). Pengujian daya inhibisi sediaan ekstrak etanol A. lavenia dan M. calabura ditentukan menggunakan COX-2 Inhibitor Screening Assay KIT. Berdasarkan hasil penambatan molekul dengan COX-2 dihasilkan senyawa 1a,9b-Dihydro-1h-Cyclopropa[A]Anthracene dari A. lavenia dengan energi ikat terendah sebesar -8.7 kkal/mol, sementara senyawa aktif dari M. calabura yang menghasilkan energi ikat terendah yaitu senyawa 7-hydroxyflavone (-9.1 kkal/mol). Hasil docking molekular terhadap reseptor TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6 menghasilkan tiga senyawa A. lavenia dan empat senyawa M. calabura dengan energi ikat paling rendah terhadap ketiga protein tersebut. 3,6-Dimethylphenanthrene, 1a,9b-Dihydro-1h-Cyclopropa[A]Anthracene, dan ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid merupakan senyawa aktif dari A. lavenia sementara Lupenone, Stigmasterol, β-amyrenone, dan 2a,3b-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid merupakan senyawa aktif terpilih dari M. calabura. Senyawa 7-hydroxyflavone dan ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid memiliki sifat farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik yang baik sebagai obat karena tidak melanggar aturan lipinski dan tidak memiliki toksisitas yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Studi dinamika molekul menunjukkan bahwa protein COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α dan IL-6 tetap stabil saat membentuk interaksi dengan senyawa aktif terpilih. Hasil uji daya inhibisi COX-2 menunjukkan bahwa sediaan ekstrak EtOH 96% A. lavenia pada konsentrasi 25 dan 100 ppm memiliki aktivitas penghambatan sebesar 98%. Sediaan ekstrak EtOH 70% dan 96% M. calabura pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm dapat menghambat aktivitas COX-2 hingga 100%.
Inflammation is usually triggered by proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, as well as prostaglandins catalyzed by the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Inflammation that occurs continuously can cause new, more dangerous problems such as heart disease, lung disease, arthritis and can trigger the proliferation of cancer cells. Treatment efforts are needed by reducing the production of prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-2 activity and reducing the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory power of A. lavenia and M. calabura extracts against COX-2 in vitro and in silico against several proinflammatory proteins TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Molecular docking was carried out to determine the binding energy of the protein-ligand and to observe the interactions between the active compounds from A. lavenia and M. calabura on the COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 receptors. The stability of protein binding with ligands resulting from the docking process can be determined using molecular dynamics simulations. The assay of the inhibitory activity of the ethanolic extracts of A. lavenia and M. calabura was determined using the COX-2 Inhibitor Screening Assay KIT. Based on the results of molecular docking with COX-2, the compound 1a,9b-Dihydro-1h-Cyclopropa[A]Anthracene from A. lavenia was produced with the lowest binding energy of -8.7 kcal/mol, while the active compound from M. calabura had the lowest binding energy. Namely, the compound 7-hydroxy flavone (-9.1 kcal/mol). The results of molecular docking of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 receptors resulted in three compounds of A. lavenia and four compounds of M. calabura with the lowest binding energies to these three proteins. 3,6-Dimethylphenanthrene, 1a,9b-Dihydro-1h-Cyclopropa[A]Anthracene, and ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid are the active compounds of A. lavenia, while Lupenone, Stigmasterol, β-amyrenone, and 2a,3b-dihydroxy-Olean-12-en-28-oic acid were selected active compounds from M. calabura. Compounds 7-hydroxy flavone and ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid have good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as drugs because they do not violate the Lipinski rules and do not have toxicity that is harmful to the body. Molecular dynamics studies showed that COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 proteins remained stable when forming interactions with selected active compounds. The results of the COX-2 inhibition assay showed that the 96% EtOH extract of A. lavenia at concentrations of 25 and 100 ppm had an inhibitory activity of 98%. The EtOH extract 70% and 96% of M. calabura at a concentration of 1000 ppm can inhibit COX-2 activity up to 100%.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/110003
Appears in Collections:MT - Mathematics and Natural Science

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