Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109482
Title: Penentuan Profil Zat Gizi Sebagai Persyaratan Pencantuman Logo Pilihan Lebih Sehat pada Label Produk Pangan Olahan
Authors: Astawan, Made
Sri Palupi, Nurheni
Istiqomah, Nurani
Issue Date: 29-Sep-2021
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Adanya peningkatan prevalensi Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) di Indonesia berdasarkan data Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) Country Profiles 2018 dan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 dapat dikaitkan dengan asupan energi, lemak, gula dan garam/natrium yang berlebih dari konsumsi pangan olahan. Pelabelan yang informatif diperlukan bagi konsumen mengenai pembatasan konsumsi gula, garam dan lemak. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) menerbitkan Peraturan Kepala BPOM No 22 tahun 2019 tentang Informasi Nilai Gizi (ING) pada Label Pangan Olahan yang mengatur pencantuman logo “pilihan lebih sehat” secara sukarela dengan memenuhi kriteria profil gizi yang ditetapkan. Profil gizi untuk kriteria tersebut baru ditetapkan untuk jenis pangan kelompok minuman siap konsumsi dan pasta/mi instan. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan kajian mengenai penentuan profil zat gizi sebagai persyaratan pencantuman logo lebih sehat pada label untuk jenis pangan lainnya yang belum ditetapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menetapkan nilai threshold/batas persyaratan kandungan zat gizi sebagai persyaratan pencantuman logo “pilihan lebih sehat, dan memperoleh tingkat relevansi antara model profil gizi yang dirancang dengan model profil gizi referensi pada masing-masing jenis pangan. Pada penetapan profil zat gizi, perlu diidentifikasi kelompok pangan olahan yang dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap zat gizi yang dibatasi pada asupan pangan. Identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan empat literatur publikasi mengenai analisis hasil Survey Konsumsi dan Makanan Individu (SKMI) Tahun 2014 terhadap asupan gula, garam, dan lemak (GGL) di Indonesia. Berdasarkan referensi tersebut, diperoleh sembilan kategori pangan yang terbagi ke dalam 19 jenis pangan olahan yang teridentifikasi dapat berkontribusi terhadap asupan GGL pada populasi di Indonesia. Selanjutnya, pengumpulan data zat gizi pangan olahan diperoleh dari data pangan terdaftar di BPOM dari Tahun 2019-2020 sejumlah 4577, terdiri dari pangan lokal (MD) dan impor (ML). Profil data kandungan gizi GGL tersebut dijadikan dasar/baseline dalam penentuan profil gizi pada tahap selanjutnya. Skenario penetapan profil gizi disusun berdasarkan penurunan (reformulasi) bertahap dari data median baseline kandungan zat gizi dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat kelayakan dan kesesuaian (feasible & appropriateness). Skenario reformulasi dikatakan layak dan sesuai jika proporsi produk yang memenuhi kriteria sejumlah 23-43% pada masing-masing asesmen kandungan zat gizi. Selain mekanisme tersebut, pemilihan profil zat gizi yang ditetapkan juga mempertimbangkan referensi angka kecukupan gizi harian yang dianjurkan pada pelabelan gizi (AKG label) yang disebut Acuan Label Gizi. Dari hasil asesmen tersebut, diperoleh draft akhir profil gizi yang dibandingkan dengan profil gizi Healthiers Choice Logo (HCL) Singapore, serta profil zat gizi WHO Nutrient Profile Model for South-East Asia Region (WHO-SEAR) yang menjadi referensi di wilayah Asia Tenggara. Proporsi produk yang tidak memenuhi kriteria profil gizi HCL Singapore, WHO-SEAR, dan draft akhir profil gizi (hasil penelitian ini), ternyata masih sangat tinggi, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 83,50%, 95,05% dan 90,15%. Uji tingkat relevansi dengan analisis Kappa cohen dan % discordance antara draft akhir hasil penelitian dan profil gizi HCL Singapore, menunjukkan relevansi yang baik hingga sangat baik pada jenis pangan yoghurt rasa (0,835; 3,85%), makanan ringan non ekstrudat (0,856; 17,70%), daging olahan (0,804; 3,81%) dan ikan olahan (0,776; 4,44%). Selanjutnya, jika dibandingkan dengan profil gizi WHO-SEAR hanya menunjukkan relevansi yang sangat baik pada jenis pangan daging olahan saja (0,809; 3,10%). Berdasarkan asesmen produk pangan pada penelitian ini, ditemukan beberapa jenis pangan memiliki proporsi yang sangat sedikit (<5%) dalam memenuhi kriteria (%MK) profil gizi yang dirancang. Jenis pangan tersebut meliputi makanan ringan ekstrudat (3,35%), biskuit kukis (2,27%), crackers (2,21%), wafer (1,76%), dan cokelat (1,75%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat jenis pangan yang direkomendasikan untuk ditindaklanjuti dalam rangka penetapan profil zat gizi, yaitu yoghurt rasa, makanan ringan non-ekstrudat, olahan daging dan olahan ikan. Analisis pemenuhan profil gizi pada cokelat, makanan ringan ekstrudat, biskuit kukis, crackers, dan wafer menunjukkan masih sedikit proporsi produk yang telah memenuhi kriteria tersebut. Dengan demikian diperlukan edukasi bagi produsen oleh lembaga yang berwenang, atau bentuk skema pelabelan gizi lainnya yang lebih efektif.
Profiles and the 2018 Basic Health Research (BHR), the increase in the prevalence of NCDs in Indonesia may be related to the excessive intake of energy, fat, sugar and salt/sodium from the consumption of processed food. Therefore, the National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Indonesia issued Regulation of the Head of NADFC No 22 of 2019 concerning Information on Nutritional Value on Processed Food Labels which regulates the inclusion of the “healthier choice” logo voluntarily by fulfilling the requirements of a defined nutrient profile. The nutrient profile has only been determined for ready-to-consume beverage and pasta/instant noodles. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate determining the nutrient profile as a requirement for the inclusion of a “healthier choice” logo on labels for other types of food whose requirements have not been determined. This study aims at determining a threshold value of nutrient content requirements as a requirement for the inclusion of the “healthier choice” logo, and obtaining a level of agreement between the designed nutrient profile model and the reference nutrient profile model for each type of food. In determining the nutrient profile, it is necessary to identify processed food groups that can contribute to nutrients that are limited to food intake. The identification can be conducted based on four published works of literature on the analysis of the results of the individual food consumption survey (IFCS) in 2014 on the intake of sugar, salt, and fat (GGL – Gula, Garam, dan Lemak) in Indonesia. Based on these references, there were nine food categories, which were divided into 19 types of processed food that had been identified as contributing to the intake of GGL in the population in Indonesia. Furthermore, the data on processed food nutrients were collected from registered food data in BPOM from 2019-2020 that amounted to 4,577, consisting of local food (MD) and imported food (ML). The data profile of the nutrient content of GGL in processed food was then used as a baseline in the stage of determining the nutrient profile. The scenario for determining the nutrient profile is based on a gradual reformulation of the median baseline data for nutrient content by considering the level of feasibility & appropriateness. The reformulation scenario is feasible and appropriate if the proportion of products that fulfill the criteria are 23-43% in each nutrient content assessment. In addition, the determination of the nutritent profile also considers the reference to the daily recommended dietary allowance on nutrition labeling (GDA label) called the nutrition label reference. From the results of the assessment, draft proposed of the nutrient profile was obtained, which was then compared to the nutrient profile of the Healthier Choice Logo (HCL) Singapore, as well as the nutrient profile of the WHO Nutrient Profile Model for South-East Asia Region (WHO-SEAR) that became a reference in the Southeast Asia region. The proportion of products that do not meet the nutrient profile criteria of HCL Singapore, WHO-SEAR, and proposed draft of the nutrient profile (the results of this study), is still very high, at 83,50%, 95,05% and 90,15%, respectively. The level of relevance test with Kappa Cohen analysis and % discordance between the final draft proposed and the nutrient profile of HCL Singapore, showed a good to very good relevance for flavored yoghurt foods (0,835; 3,85%), non extruded snacks (0,856; 17,70%), processed meat (0,804; 3,81%) and processed fish (0,776; 4,44%). Furthermore, when compared with the WHO-SEAR nutrient profile, it only shows a very good relevance for processed meat foods (0,809; 3,10%). In the assessment of the nutrient profile draft proposed in this study, it was found that some foods had very small proportions (<5%) in meeting the criteria (%MK) of nutrient profile, namely extruded snacks (3,35%), biscuits (2,27%), crackers (2,21%), wafers (1,76%), and chocolate (1,75%). The results of this study indicate that there were four types of food that were recommended to be followed up in order to determine the nutrient profile, including flavored yoghurt, non-extruded snacks, processed meat and processed fish. Analysis of the fulfillment of nutrient profiles in chocolate, extruded snacks, biscuits, crackers, and wafers, showed that there is still small proportion of products that met the criteria. Thus, it is necessary for the competent authority to educate the producers of those kind of products, or develop other forms of nutrition labeling schemes that are more effective.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109482
Appears in Collections:MT - Professional Master

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