Karakteristik Arang Serat Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) dari Proses Karbonisasi Pirolisis

Abstract

Serat kenaf merupakan serat yang cukup potensial untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku arang aktif melalui proses karbonisasi pirolisis. Proses ini lebih dipilih karena waktu proses yang digunakan relatif lebih singkat dan efisien dibandingkan dengan karbonisasi hidrotermal. Namun, ada beberapa hal yang harus dievalusi untuk menganalisis karakteristik arang pirolisis serat kenaf hasil karbonisasi pirolisis serta menganalisis pengaruh suhu dan waktu dalam proses karbonisasi pirolisis terhadap sifat arang serat kenaf dan daya jerap polutannya. Proses karbonisasi pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 175 oC, 200 oC, 225 oC dengan waktu selama 3, 4, dan 5 jam. Karakteristik yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini antara lain komponen kimia dan analisis proksimat dari serat kenaf, sedangkan dari arang yang dihasilkan, dianalisis rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, kadar karbon terikat, daya jerap iodin, dan daya jerap polutan (amonia, kloroform, formaldehida, dan benzena). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara suhu dan waktu karbonisasi pirolisis berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar zat terbang, karbon terikat, daya jerap amonia dan daya jerap kloroform. Namun, interaksi antara suhu dan waktu karbonisasi pirolisis tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada daya jerap benzena, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Arang pirolisis terbaik didapatkan pada suhu 200oC selama 5 jam dengan daya jerap iodin sebesar 148,19 mg/g

Kenaf fiber is a fiber that has potential to be used as raw material for activated charcoal through the pyrolysis carbonization process. This process is preferred because the processing time used is relatively shorter and more efficient than hydrothermal carbonization. However, there are several things that must be evaluated to analyze the characteristics of the pyrolysis charcoal of kenaf fiber asa result of pyrolysis carbonization and to analyze the effect of temperature and time in the pyrolysis carbonization process on the characteristics of the kenaf fiber charcoal and its pollutant adsorption capacity. The pyrolysis carbonization process was carried out at temperatures of 175 oC, 200 oC, 225 oC for 3, 4, and 5 hours. The characteristics analyzed in this study included chemical components and proximate analysis of kenaf fiber, while the resulting charcoal was analyzed for yield, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content, iodine adsorption capacity, and pollutant adsorption capacity (ammonia, chloroform, formaldehyde, and benzene). The results showed that the interaction between temperature and time of pyrolysis carbonization had a significant effect on volatile matter, bound carbon, ammonia adsorption capacity and chloroform adsorption capacity. However, the interaction between temperature and time of pyrolysis carbonization did not have a significant effect on the adsorption capacity of benzene, moisture content, and ash content. The best pyrolysis charcoal was obtained at 200oC for 5 hours with an iodine adsorption capacity of 148.19 mg/g