Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109060
Title: Hubungan Durasi Menyusui dengan Obesitas General dan Sentral pada Wanita Usia Subur di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Other Titles: Association of Breastfeeding Duration with General and Central Obesity among Women of Childbearing Age in Padang City, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Roosita, Katrin
Damayanthi, Evy
Azizah, Putri Nur
Issue Date: 2021
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Obesitas merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat dan menjadi faktor risiko dari berbagai penyakit tidak menular. Data dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 21,8% dan 31% masyarakat Indonesia berusia >15 tahun mengalami obesitas general dan sentral (berurutan). Angka persentase obesitas general dan sentral tersebut lebih tinggi di Kota Padang (24,1% dan 34,2% berurutan). Perempuan lebih berisiko mengalami obesitas karena persentase lemak tubuh yang lebih tinggi dan beberapa kondisi fisiologis yang dialami. Beberapa studi menemukan bahwa durasi menyusui berkolerasi dengan penurunan risiko obesitas, namun data dari Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara durasi menyusui dengan obesitas pada wanita usia subur (WUS). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada Desember 2020-Januari 2021 di Kota Padang. Subjek merupakan WUS yang tidak sedang hamil dan menyusui, telah menyapih anaknya, dipilih secara purposive dengan jumlah akhir subjek sebanyak 103 orang. Protokol penelitian ini telah disetujui oleh Komisi Etik Penelitian yang Melibatkan Subjek Manusia LPPM IPB No. 321/IT3.KEPMSM-IPB/SK/2020. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik subjek dan keluarga, praktik menyusui, konsumsi pangan, dan aktivitas fisik melalui kuesioner serta data status gizi dan persentase lemak tubuh melalui pengukuran langsung menggunakan stature meter, pita pengukur, dan bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Pengolahan data menggunakan Microsoft Excel, SPSS 21.0 dan software nutrisurvey 2007. Uji normalitas menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Uji beda menggunakan Chi-square dan Independent T-Test. Uji korelasi menggunakan analisis Spearman dan Pearson (sesuai normalitas distribusi data). Uji regresi menggunakan binary logistic regression. Indikator obesitas general dan sentral pada WUS yang menyusui lebih lama (≥12 bulan) signifikan lebih kecil (p<0,05) dibandingkan yang menyusui lebih singkat (<12 bulan) berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) (24,26±3,32 vs. 27,89±6,06 kg/m2), persentase lemak tubuh (%LT) (31,55±3,74 vs. 35,35±4,46%), lingkar perut (LP) (79,69±7,98 vs. 88,51±12,79 cm), dan lemak viseral (LV) (6.10±2.85 vs. 9.78±6.43). Risiko untuk mengalami obesitas general dan sentral lebih tinggi pada WUS yang menyusui lebih singkat menurut indikator IMT [OR 3,454; 95%CI: 1,141-10,456], %LT [OR 7,041; 95%CI: 2,221-22,318], LP [OR 5,737; 95%CI: 1,779-18,501], dan LV [OR 7,622; 95%CI: 1,748-33,241]. Edukasi pentingnya mencukupkan durasi menyusui hingga dua tahun serta dukungan keluarga dan lingkungan sangat dibutuhkan WUS untuk mendukung pemberian ASI dan menurunkan kejadian penyapihan dini.
Obesity is one of many major public health problems that becomes a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. According to Indonesian Basic Health Research data in 2018, as many as 21,8% and 31% of Indonesians aged over 15 years old experienced general and central obesity (respectively). Padang City had a higher prevalence of general dan central obesity (24,1% and 34,2% respectively). Women pose a higher risk of obesity due to their high body fat levels and several physiological conditions underwent the bodies. Previous studies have found that breastfeeding correlates with a reduced risk of obesity. However, data from Indonesia on this matter are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding and obesity. This study applied a cross-sectional design method which took place in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia during December 2020 to January 2021. A total of 103 women of childbearing age who were not pregnant and had finished weaning their children were participated and selected purposively. The ethical clearance was obtained from Human Research Ethic Committee of LPPM IPB Number 321/IT3.KEPMSM-IPB/SK/2020. The data collected were subject’s and family’s characteristic, breastfeeding practice, food consumption, and physical activity through an interview using a questionnaire, as well as nutritional status and body fat percentage data through anthropometric measurement using stature meter, tape measure, and bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS 21.0, and Nutrisurvey software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov was applied to analyze the normality of data. Chi-square and Independent T-Test was used to analyze the difference between variables. Spearman and Pearson correlation was used to correlate the variables. Binary Logistic Regression was also applied. The indicators of general and central obesity were significantly lower (p<0,05) in breastfeeding group ≥12 months than <12 months; according to body mass index (BMI) (24,26±3,32 vs. 27,89±6,06 kg/m2), body fat percentage (%BF) (31,55±3,74 vs. 35,35±4,46%), waist circumference (WC) (79,69±7,98 vs. 88,51±12,79 cm), and visceral fat (VF) (6,10±2,85 vs. 9,78±6,43). Meanwhile, the possibility to have general and central obesity were higher in breastfeeding group <12 months compared to ≥12 months based on BMI indicator [OR 3,454; 95%CI: 1,141-10,456], %BF [OR 7,041; 95%CI: 2,221-22,318], WC [OR 5,737; 95%CI: 1,779-18,501], and VF [OR 7,622; 95%CI: 1,748-33,241]. Education about the importance of two years breastfeeding as well as support from family and environment are essential for women of childbearing age to breastfeed peacefully and minimize early cessation of breastfeeding.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109060
Appears in Collections:MT - Human Ecology

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