Arahan Pembangunan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Berbasis Indeks Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Lokal

Abstract

Konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan. Pengukuran pembangunan berkelanjutan dengan indikator tertentu sudah umum diukur pada tingkat kabupaten, regional ataupun nasional, namun di tingkat lokal masih jarang dilakukan. Pembangunan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal masih terkendala baik dari dimensi ekonomi, dimensi sosial, maupun dimensi lingkungan, sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengatasinya diperlukan arahan pembangunan berbasis indeks pembangunan berkelanjutan lokal. Fokus kebijakan harus sesuai berdasarkan tingkat keberlanjutan pembangunan ditiap lokasi dan disetiap dimensi keberlanjutan, sebab setiap lokasi memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Ketersediaan data di tingkat desa sangat mendukung pengukuran indeks ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan wilayah, mengidentifikasi indikator penciri indeks pembangunan berkelanjutan di tingkat lokal, mengukur indeks pembangunan berkelanjutan di tingkat lokal dan menentukan arahan pembangunan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal berbasis Indeks Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Lokal (IPBL). Metode yang digunakan adalah klasifikasi terbimbing, scalogram, Faktor Analisis (FA), Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) dan K means cluster. Hasil analisis skalogram menunjukkan Indeks Perkembangan Desa di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal berkategori sedang (89%). Pada tahun 2011, persentase tutupan lahan hutan sebesar 43% namun luasannya menurun sebesar ± 15% di tahun 2018. Desa-desa yang terletak di arah barat laut merupakan wilayah yang mengalami perubahan tutupan lahan paling tinggi dan pada umumnya indeks perkembangan desanya berkategori rendah. Indikator pembangunan berkelanjutan dari dimensi ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan yang berjumlah 21, tereduksi menjadi 13 indikator penciri. Nilai IPBL ekonomi di wilayah ini berkategori sedang di tahun 2011 dan beberapa desa berkategori rendah berhasil meningkatkan keberlanjutan ekonominya di tahun 2018. Keberlanjutan pembangunan lingkungan justru menurun dari kategori sedang ke kategori rendah di tahun 2018. Sebaran pola spasial IPBLekonomi dan IPBLsosial bertipe cluster High-high (HH) berada di sebelah timur lokasi penelitian, dan sebaran IPBL lingkungan tipe cluster HH di arah barat laut. Untuk mempermudah penentuan arahan pembangunan, wilayah penelitian dikategorikan menjadi 4 cluster berdasarkan nilai indeks pembangunan berkelanjutan lokalnya. Desa-desa yang masuk dalam kategori cluster 3 (66,34%) merupakan wilayah yang paling memerlukan prioritas/fokus pembangunan, karena tingkat keberlanjutan pembangunannya rendah pada dimensi sosial dan lingkungan. Kata Kunci: cluster analysis, factor analysis, Indeks Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Lokal, indikator, LISA

There is nodoubt that concept sustainable development is very important to increase our quality of life. Measurement of development based on specific indicators is one of the approach to describe sustainable development. At the district, regional, and national levels, development indicators are frequently measured. However, it is still rarely done at the local level. Because each location has their own unique characteristics, measuring sustainability at the regional level could not always be applied locally. The availability of data at the village level strongly encourages the local measurement of sustainable development index. The economic, social, and environmental dimensions of Mandailing Natal Regency's development are still constrained. Which will need the measurement of the sustainable development index Furthermore, policy priorities must be appropriate for each location's level of development sustainability in order to improve sustainable development. This study aims to identify regional development of each village, identify indicators that describe sustainable development at the local level and recommend the Local Sustainable Development Index (IPBL) value as a development directive in Mandailing Natal regency. The IPBL index can be used to inform local policy about the decision of locational-based spatial development. The methods of research used were scalogram analysis and supervised classification, Factor Analysis (FA), Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation(LISA), and K Means Clustering. Development is encouraged in areas with low sustainable achievement in all dimensions of development. According to the results, Village Development Index almost is in the medium category (89 percent). Forest land cover was generally 43% in 2011, but it was decreased by 15% in 2018. At the village level, located in the northwest had highest land cover changes, and have a low village development index. The results of factor analysis on 21 variables/indicators representing economic, social, and environmental dimensions were reduced to 13 variables. Mandailing Natal's level of sustainable economic development was generally medium category in 2011, with several villages progressing from low category to the medium category in 2018. In 2011, the sustainability of social development was categorized as low, several villages saw an increase in the index value category in 2018. In 2018, the sustainability of environmental development decreased from the medium to the low category. In the east of the research location, the spatial pattern of economic IPBL and social IPBL is also of the High-high (HH) cluster type, while the IPBL3 distributions of the HH cluster type in the northwest. To simplify guidance of location-based spatial development, this region village is categorized into 4 clusters. Since the achievement of social and environmental sustainability index is low, cluster 3 (which covered by 66,34%) is the main focus of development in Mandailing Natal Regency. The next policy priority should be delivered to the member of cluster 1, due to the low achievement of IPBL in two dimensions (economic and social dimensions). Keywords: cluster analysis, factor analysis, Indicator, LISA, Local Sustainable Development Index.