Manajemen Konflik dalam Pengembangan Wisata Desa Curug Cikuluwung Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Indonesian tourism is currently one of the sectors prioritized by the government and is one of the biggest foreign exchange-earners. Tourism is a strategic sector and is a medium for program integration between development sectors, so that tourism is very reasonable for becoming the leading sector of development. But the management of tourism is not easy. There are often conflicts between the managers. Conflicts also occurred in the development of Curug Cikuluwung village tourism. This study aims to analyze conflict and formulate conflict management strategies in developing tourism in Curug Cikuluwung village. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method and the location of the research was Cibitung Wetan Village, Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency in January-June 2021. The author's interest in community-based tourism is as the consideration of the location selection. The data used are primary and secondary. Primary data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD). Secondary data is from related agency documents. The study results indicate that three conflicts have occurred in the tourism development of Curug Cikuluwung village. The first conflict is between the government of Pamijahan village and religious leaders and community leaders; the second is a conflict between BUMDes and residents from a neighboring village (Pamijahan Village); the third is a conflict between the core manager of Curug Cikuluwung village tourism and the village government. The reason behind the first conflict is that there has been no socialization to local religious leaders and the installation of signboards and directions for tourism in Curug Cikuluwung village. The core issue of the conflict is the concern of religious leaders. When Curug Cikuluwung acts as a tourist spot, it will have a negative impact. Therefore, there is a rejection from religious leaders for open access the entrance to Curug Cikuluwung village tourism from Pamijahan Village. The district government and BPD of Pamijahan Village have mediated the conflict. Furthermore, the second conflict was closing the entrance to the Cikuluwung Curug village tourism from another unofficial entrance by Cibitung Wetan BUMDes. Thus, the essence of the conflict is the struggle for access to Curug Cikuluwung tourism. The effect of the conflict is that residents of neighboring villages (Pamijahan Village) have alliances with Gempar mass organizations. Meanwhile, the problems behind the third conflict are the abuse of authority by the old BUMDes Chair, the prejudice from the Curug Cikuluwung village tourism manager to the village government, not smooth communication between the Curug Cikuluwung management and the village government, political issues, namely the chairman of the curug management. Cikuluwung is a supporter of prospective village heads who lost to the elected village head and human resources who have not been able to manage Curug Cikuluwung village tourism professionally. The core issue of the conflict in the development of tourism in Curug Cikuluwung village is the disagreement between the core managers of tourism in Curug Cikuluwung village and the Cibitung Wetan village government. The effects of this conflict are that the development of Curug Cikuluwung village tourism is experiencing delays, Curug Cikuluwung administrators do not get access to training, managers have difficulty getting assistance from the government because they have separated from the village government. The actors involved in the first conflict in the development of Curug Cikuluwung village tourism are the government of Pamijahan Village, religious leaders, community leaders, and the association. In the second conflict, the actors involved were BUMDes, tourism managers in Curug Cikuluwung village, residents of Pamijahan Village (Mami), Gempar mass organitations. Furthermore, the actors involved in the third conflict are the Curug Cikuluwung village tourism manager, the Cibitung Wetan Village Government, BUMDes, Indonesia Power Company and former village head candidates. Furthermore, the conflict in the development of Curug Cikuluwung village tourism in the first and second conflicts was in the emerging and post-conflict stage. Ending violent confrontations, reduced tensions, and relations that led to more normalcy between the two parties become the resolving situation. While the third conflict was at the stage of emerging and crisis, the actors in conflict stand firm with their stance. Therefore, the conflicts that occured in the management of Curug Cikuluwung village tourism for the first and second conflicts are constructive. The two conflicting relationships are getting better, while the third conflict is a destructive, because it causes more harmful effects. The community practiced community-based conflict management but has not yet become a solution. Therefore, there is a need for mediation from parties with authority over village tourism to mediate conflict parties from the Pamijahan District Government, the Bogor Tourism office, Village Community Empowerment office, and or Indonesia Power Company.