Analisis Pemasaran dan Nilai Tambah Pala di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan

Abstract

Nutmeg is a multipurpose plant that can sell not only in nutmeg but also in the form of wet nutmeg seeds, dried nutmeg seeds and mace (nutmeg), and their derivative products (diversification). Nutmeg, which is known as an Indonesian spice, has high economic value and has excellent potential for export activities in the world market. Indonesia is the largest exporting country with an export value of US$ 25.7 million in 2020 and can supply 60% - 70% market share of national nutmeg production. One of the production areas for nutmeg centres is Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. In the marketing activities of nutmeg in Tapak Tuan District, the nutmeg marketing system has not been fully effective and efficient. The problem that stands out is that the price received by farmers has a gap with the price paid by retailers/exporters/food/beverage processing industries. Another problem is that sellers tend to sell their nutmeg products in the form of fruit/wet nutmeg seeds/dried nutmeg seeds and mace. Nutmeg that has been processed into derivative products has the advantage of overselling it in raw materials. Processing activities (added value) can be one way to reduce losses, create new products, and increase people's incomes in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. This study aims to analyze the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, and analyze the added value of processed nutmeg products in the home industry in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. The types and sources of data in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from various literature and references from previous research, scientific journals, the South Aceh District Agriculture Service, and others. The sampling method for farmers was the purposive sampling of as many as 35 people. At the same time, the sample of traders was obtained by snowball sampling as many as 25 people. This study aims to analyze the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, and analyze the added value of processed nutmeg products in the home industry of Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. The method used is to look at the market structure, see the marketing channels that are passed, see the implementation of marketing functions, and calculate the percentage value of marketing margin, farmer's share percentage value, R/C ratio as for the added value analysis using the Hayami method. The research results show that the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency is relatively efficient. It is seen from the calculation of efficiency indicators and seen in the market structure. Marketing channels traversed by farmers and marketing agencies. And the implementation of marketing functions such as exchange functions, physical functions, and facilities functions carried out by respondents in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. In the analysis of the added value of processed nutmeg products in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, Usaha Permai obtained an added value for each product of Rp. 13 383/kg with a profit rate of 85.4% for nutmeg cake and sliced nutmeg cake products of Rp. 21 531/kg with a gain rate of 70.8%. Meanwhile, Rovan's business obtained an added value of Rp. 12 799/kg with a profit rate of 80.9% for mace flower products, sliced nutmeg cake products of Rp. 35 608/kg with a profit rate of 77.5%, and nutmeg syrup of Rp. 21 254/kg. Kg with a profit rate of 79.4%. The advantage of adding value to processed nutmeg products is that it provides a basis for developing small businesses that can be adopted by individuals, families, and groups in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. Another benefit with the value-added activities of processed nutmeg can help the community to have alternative livelihoods and help the economy for the family.