Estimasi Dampak Income Shock terhadap Konsumsi Pangan Rumah Tangga di Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

Pandemi COVID-19 atau bencana lainnya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan pendapatan tidak terduga pada seluruh lapisan masyarakat, hal ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan kuantitas dan kualitas konsumsi pangan. Diperlukan langkah antisipatif dan strategi penguatan ketahanan pangan yang memperhatikan perubahan pola konsumsi pangan akibat income shock. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi perubahan konsumsi pangan rumah tangga di Provinsi Jawa Barat berdasarkan kelas (kuintil) pendapatan menggunakan data sekunder SUSENAS 2017. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terjadi penurunan konsumsi pada seluruh kelas pendapatan, kelas pendapatan 1 adalah kelas pendapatan yang paling terdampak. Adanya bantuan tunai dapat meningkatkan konsumsi energi dan protein namun belum bisa mengembalikan pola konsumsi awalnya. Sedangkan pemberian bantuan non-tunai dapat meningkatkan konsumsi energi dan protein hingga melebihi konsumsi awal, bahkan konsumsi energi melebihi tingkat kecukupan gizi (110,9%), namun belum mampu meningkatkan keragaman konsumsi pangan.

The COVID-19 pandemic and other disasters may lead to an unexpected decrease in income at all levels of society, and in turn may lower both quantity and quality of food consumption. A strategy to strengthen food security is needed that takes into account the changes in food consumption patterns due to income shock. This research aims to estimate changes in household food consumption in West Java Province by quintile income class. The research was conducted by processing secondary data with a quantitative descriptive research design. The results showed that despite the decline of consumption in all income classes, lower income class were the most affected by the income shock. The existence of cash assistance can increase energy and protein consumption but has not been able to restore the initial consumption pattern. While the provision of non-cash assistance can increase energy and protein consumption to exceed initial consumption, even energy consumption exceeds the nutritional adequacy level (110.9%), but has not been able to increase the diversity of food consumption.