Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/108776
Title: Keragaman Genetik Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Asal Sembilan Daerah di Indonesia Berdasarkan Marka SSR
Other Titles: Genetic Diversity of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) from Nine Regions in Indonesia Based on SSR Markers
Authors: Sudarsono, Sudarsono
Reflinur, Reflinur
Dinarti, Diny
Rinawati, Dian Yunita
Issue Date: 2021
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) adalah tanaman multiguna yang adaptif terhadap berbagai kondisi lahan dan potensial untuk dikembangkan secara luas karena memiliki nilai ekonomi dan fungsi konservasi. Produk tanaman aren telah dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku industri. Nira aren selain untuk bahan pembuatan gula juga dimanfaatkan untuk bahan baku industri bioethanol. Ijuk aren sebagai bahan pembuatan biopolimer yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam industri otomotif dan industri kemasan. Pati dari bagian batang pohon aren yang sudah tua dijadikan bahan baku industri pembuatan tepung. Perakaran aren yang lebat memiliki kemampuan yang sangat baik dalam menahan air dan tanah. Dukungan inovasi teknologi sangat penting untuk mencapai keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan pengembangan aren melalui peningkatan produktivitas tanaman aren. Komponen teknologi yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman aren antara lain varietas, klon, dan pohon induk unggul yang dihasilkan dari program pemuliaan tanaman. Plasma nutfah sebagai sumber keragaman genetik sangat penting dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Indonesia menyimpan potensi keragaman genetik tanaman aren yang tinggi, mengingat penyebaran tanaman aren cukup luas di kepulauan Indonesia yang memiliki kondisi geografi berbeda. Informasi keragaman genetik sangat penting dalam menentukan strategi pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan plasma nutfah untuk tujuan pemuliaan tanaman atau untuk program konservasi plasma nutfah itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keragaman genetik dan kekerabatan genetik aren yang berasal dari sembilan daerah di Indonesia berdasarkan marka SSR. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2020 sampai dengan Maret 2021. Bahan genetik tanaman dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 144 aksesi aren dari sembilan daerah, yaitu Bangka (10 aksesi), Lampung (16 aksesi), Lebak (16 aksesi), Bogor (11 aksesi), Tasikmalaya (10 aksesi), Brebes (26 aksesi), Gowa (13 aksesi), Bombana (13 aksesi), dan Muna (29 aksesi). Sampel yang diambil dari setiap aksesi berupa bagian daun tanaman aren. Seleksi terhadap 113 pasang (forward + reverse) primer SSR dilakukan untuk mendapatkan primer polimorfik. Primer SSR terpilih dari tahap seleksi primer digunakan untuk genotyping 144 aksesi aren menggunakan teknik PCR. Data hasil genotyping dianalisis untuk mengetahui jumlah alel (Na), jumlah alel efektif (Ne), heterozigositas observasi (Ho), dan heterozigositas harapan (He), persentase keragaman genetik dalam populasi dan antar populasi, jarak genetik antar populasi, nilai PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) dan pohon kekerabatan genetik antar aksesi aren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua primer yang informatif untuk studi keragaman genetik aren. Keragaman genetik aren dalam populasi (79%) lebih tinggi dari keragaman genetik antar populasi (21%). Keragaman genetik aren paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh populasi asal Bangka, sedangkan keragaman genetik paling rendah terdapat pada populasi asal Muna. Jarak genetik paling jauh antara populasi Lampung dan Muna (0,283), dan jarak genetik paling dekat antara populasi Bangka dengan Lebak (0.033). Aren dari sembilan populasi terbagi ke dalam tiga kelompok besar kekerabatan. Kelompok 1 terdiri atas aksesi populasi Bangka, Lampung, Bogor, Tasikmalaya, Brebes, Gowa, Bombana dan Muna. Kelompok 2 terdiri atas aksesi populasi Bangka, Lampung, Lebak, Bogor, Tasikmalaya, Brebes, dan Gowa. Kelompok 3 terdiri atas aksesi populasi Bangka, Lebak, Brebes, Tasikmalaya, dan Gowa. Seluruh aksesi populasi Muna berada dalam satu kelompok kekerabatan mengindikasikan bahwa gene flow sangat terbatas pada populasi Muna. Secara umum, pola pengelompokan aksesi aren pada penelitian ini tidak ditentukan oleh faktor geografis asal aksesi aren. Kata kunci: aksesi, frekuensi alel, jarak genetik, kekerabatan genetik, polimorfik.
Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) is a multipurpose plant that is adaptive to various land conditions and has the potential to be widely developed because it has economic value and conservation functions. Sugar palm products have been used as industrial raw materials. The sap of sugar palm used as raw material for the bioethanol industry. Sugar palm fiber used as a material for making biopolymers that can be applied in the automotive industry and packaging industry. Starch from the trunk of an old palm tree is used as raw material for flour-making industry. The thick roots of sugar palm have excellent ability in retaining water and soil. The support of technological innovation is very important to achieve the success and sustainability of sugar palm development through increasing the productivity of sugar palm plants. The technological components needed to increase the productivity of sugar palm include varieties, clones, and superior parent trees produced from plant breeding programs. Germplasm as a source of genetic diversity is very important in plant breeding programs. Indonesia has a high potential for genetic diversity of sugar palm, considering that the distribution of sugar palm is quite wide in Indonesian archipelago which has different geographical conditions. Information on genetic diversity is very important in determining strategies for managing and utilizing germplasm for plant breeding purposes or for the germplasm conservation program itself. This study aimed to obtain information on genetic diversity and genetic relationships of sugar palm originating from nine regions in Indonesia based on SSR markers. The study was conducted from August 2020 to March 2021. The genetic material of the plant in this study consisted of 144 accessions of sugar palm from nine regions, namely Bangka (10 accessions), Lampung (16 accessions), Lebak (16 accessions), Bogor (11 accessions), Tasikmalaya (10 accessions), Brebes (26 accessions), Gowa (13 accessions), Bombana (13 accessions), and Muna (29 accessions). Samples were taken from each accession in the form of the leaves of the palm plant. Selection of 113 pairs (forward + reverse) of SSR primers was carried out to obtain polymorphic primers. SSR primers selected from the primer selection stage were used for genotyping 144 sugar palm accessions using PCR technique. The genotyping data were analyzed to determine the number of alleles (Na), the number of effective alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and expected heterozygosity (He), the percentage of genetic diversity within populations and between populations, genetic distance between populations, and PIC (Polymorphism) values. Information Content) and genetic relationships tree between sugar palm accessions. The results showed that there were two informative primers for the study of genetic diversity of sugar palm. The genetic diversity of sugar palm within population (79%) is higher than that across populations (21%). The highest and lowest genetic diversity were found in Bangka and Muna populations, respectively. The genetic distance between of Lampung and Muna was the farthest (0,283), while between of Bangka and Lebak was the closest (0,033). Sugar palm from nine populations was divided into three major relationships groups. Group 1 consisted of accessions from Bangka, Lampung, Bogor, Tasikmalaya, Brebes, Gowa, Bombana and Muna. Group 2 consisted of accessions from Bangka, Lampung, Lebak, Bogor, Tasikmalaya, Brebes, and Gowa. Group 3 consisted of accessions from Bangka, Lebak, Brebes, Tasikmalaya, and Gowa. All accessions of Muna population were in one relationship group indicating that gene flow was very limited in the Muna population. In general, the grouping pattern of sugar palm accessions in this study was not determined by geographic factors from which the accessions originated. Keywords: accession, allel frequency, genetic distance, genetic relationships, polymorphic.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/108776
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
Cover.pdfCover530.29 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
A253160441_Dian Yunita Rinawati.pdf
  Restricted Access
Fullteks1.01 MBAdobe PDFView/Open


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.