Intensitas Kebisingan Berdasarkan Umur Mesin Kapal Payang di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Palabuhanratu

Abstract

Kapal payang yang menggunakan mesin motor tempel 40 PK sebanyak 39 unit. Mesin motor tempel tersebut merupakan sumber kebisingan utama di kapal payang. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi intensitas kebisingan mesin motor tempel pada berbagai rentang umur mesin dan pola perawatan mesin kapal payang di PPN Palabuhanratu dan memetakan distribusi intensitas kebisingan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan membandingkan dengan Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB). Sampel kapal yang digunakan sebanyak 4 unit dengan umur mesin, 1 tahun, 6 tahun, 15 tahun, dan 20 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai intensitas kebisingan pada saat kondisi stasioner sebesar 59.2-77.5 dB(A) dan pada saat kondisi full rpm sebesar 70.3-104 dB(A). Nilai intensitas kebisingan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh pola perawatan mesin akan tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh umur mesin. Paparan intensitas kebisingan pada kapten kapal dan ABK berbeda. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh rpm mesin pada saat stasioner dan full rpm. Kapten kapal dan ABK yang berada di buritan menerima paparan intensitas kebisingan di atas Nilai Ambang batas (NAB) sedangkan ABK yang berada di haluan menerima paparan intensitas kebisingan di bawah NAB. Pemilik kapal dan nelayan harus meningkatkan kepedulian terhadap pola perawatan mesin. Kata kunci: kapal payang, kebisingan, NAB, motor tempel, PPN Palabuhanratu

Payang vessel that uses 40 PK outboard engine is as many as 39 units. The outboard engine is the main source of noise on the payang vessel. Purposes of this study were to identify the noise intensity of outboard engines across various engine ages of paying vessels in Palabuhanratu and their maintenance patterns and mapp the distribution of noise intensity. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis including comparison to Threshold Value (NAB). Samples were collected from 4 vessels with various engine age i.e. 1 year, 6 years, 15 years, and 20 years. The results showed that noise intensity at idle mode was 59.2-77.5 dB(A) and at full rpm mode was 70.3-104 dB(A). The noise intensity was influenced by the maintenance pattern of the engine but was not affected by its age. Exposure to noise on skipper and crew is different. This is influenced by different rpm when the engine was set at stationary and full rpm modes. Skipper and crew who sit in the stern area received noise exposure above the threshold while the ones siting at the bow area receive noise exposure below the threshold. Vessel owners and fishermen should raise concerns about engine maintenance patterns. Keywords: payang vessel, Noise, NAB, outboard engine, PPN Palabuhanratu