Penapisan Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE) secara in Vitro sebagai Agen Biokontrol Ganoderma boninense Asal Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Kelapa sawit merupakan komoditi perkebunan terbesar di Indonesia dengan salah satu permasalahan utama budidayanya adalah serangan Ganoderma boninense. Berbagai cara pengendalian telah dilakukan termasuk pengendalian hayati menggunakan cendawan. Namun, potensi cendawan dark septate endophytes (DSE) sebagai agen biokontrol G. boninense belum banyak diteliti. Uji tantang koloni DSE ̶ G. boninese dilakukan pada dua umur DSE yang berbeda, dan disertai dengan uji potensi penghambatan senyawa volatil DSE. Kultur DSE yang menunjukkan kemampuan antagonis tinggi dianalisis senyawa volatilnya menggunakan Pyrolisis Gas Chromatografi Mass Spectrometry. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa DSE TKC 2.2a memiliki persentase penghambatan G. boninense tertinggi dari 10 isolat DSE yang diujicobakan, masing-masing sebesar 26,38 % (DSE langsung dipasangkan dengan G. boninense) dan sebesar 67,32% (DSE berumur 7 hari ketika dipasangkan). Uji senyawa volatil DSE TKC 2.2a menunjukkan penghambatan sebesar 41,20%. Komponen senyawa volatil dari TKC 2.2a berumur 14 hari antara lain, 2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol,3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl (14,15%); 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (11,37%); dan Hexadecanoic acid (10,70%). Kata kunci: antagonis, busuk pangkal batang, dark septate endophytes, kultur ganda, substansi volatil.

Oil palm is the largest plantation commodities in Indonesia, with one of the main problems is the Ganoderma boninense. However, the potential of dark septate endophytes (DSE) as biocontrol agents for G. boninense has not been widely studied. The antagonistic capacity of DSE was determined in vitro based on growth inhibition percentage of G. boninense in dual culture at two difference age of DSE colonies and the potency of volatile DSE compounds testing against G. boninense. DSE cultures that showed high antagonistic ability will be analyzed for their volatile compounds using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The results showed that DSE TKC 2.2a had the highest percentage of G. boninense inhibition among 10 DSE isolates tested. G. boninense colony growth was inhibited about 26,38% (in direct DSE pairing) and 67,32% (7 days old DSE when pairing). Volatile compounds of DSE TKC 2.2a inhibited 41,20% of G. boninense colony growth. The volatile compound of 14 days old TKC 2.2a composed of 2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol, 3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl (14,15%); 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (11,37%); and Hexadecanoic acid (10,70%). Keywords: antagonist, basal stem rot, dark septate endophytes, dual culture, volatile compounds.