Karakteristik Morfologi Ngengat Sutra Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) pada Pemberian Pakan Larva Berbeda

Abstract

Ngengat Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) merupakan serangga penghasil serat sutra komersial yang telah banyak didomestikasi. Kualitas daun pakan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, mutu kokon dan serat yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik morfologi S. c. ricini fase larva, pupa, dan imago dengan pemberian tiga pakan larva berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tiga jenis pakan larva, yaitu daun singkong karet (Manihot glaziovii), daun jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis), dan daun pepaya jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius). Pengamatan yang meliputi ukuran, bobot, warna dan durasi dilakukan pada setiap fase pertumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan daun jarak kepyar menghasilkan pertumbuhan larva S. c. ricini paling baik berdasarkan karakteristik panjang, lebar dan bobot larva. Terdapat enam variasi warna dan corak larva S. c. ricini yaitu hijau-zebra, hijau, kuning-zebra, kuning, putih-zebra, dan putih. Persentase kokon yang terbentuk paling tinggi terjadi pada pemberian pakan jarak kepyar. Ukuran imago tidak berbeda nyata pada pemberian pakan daun singkong karet dan jarak kepyar. Siklus hidup ngengat S. c. ricini dengan pemberian pakan daun jarak kepyar lebih singkat dua hari dibandingkan dengan pemberian pakan daun singkong karet. Pada pemberian pakan daun pepaya jepang, mortalitas larva instar 5 mencapai 100%.

The silkworm Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a commercial silk fiber-producing insect that has been widely domesticated. Leaf quality as feed will affects growth, cocoon quality, and fiber quality produced of silkworm. This study aims to examine the morphological characteristics of S. c. ricini at the larvae, pupa, and imago phase by three different feeds. In this study, three species of larvae fed were used as feed of larvae, namely cassava leaves (Manihot glaziovii), castor leaves (Ricinus communis), and chaya leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius). Observations including size, weight, color and duration were carried out at each growth phase. The results showed that castor leaves result the best growth of S. c. ricini based on the ratio of length, width, and weight of larvae. There are six variations in color and larvae patterns of S. c. ricini, namely green-zebra, green, yellow-zebra, yellow, white-zebra, and white. The highest percentage of cocoons formed occured in larvae fed by castor leaves. The body size of the imago did not differ on the larvae fed by cassava and castor leaves. The duration of the life cycle of the S. c. ricini larvae fed by castor leaves was two days shorter compared to cassava leaves. Giving of chaya leaves results the mortality of instar 5 larvae reaches 100%.