Pengaruh Tekanan Ekonomi dan Peran Gender terhadap Ketahanan Keluarga Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract

Adanya Covid-19 merubah tatanan kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Keluarga harus mampu menjalankan peran gender dan mempertahankan ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, tekanan ekonomi, dan peran gender terhadap ketahanan keluarga selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah istri dari keluarga utuh yang memiliki anak yang tersebar di Kabupaten Bogor. Teknik penarikan contoh menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah contoh sebanyak 84 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner online menggunakan google form. Data diolah menggunakan uji deskriptif dan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan sebagian besar tekanan ekonomi keluarga berada pada kategori rendah. Sebagian variabel peran gender berada pada kategori rendah. Namun, sebagian besar ketahanan keluarga berada pada kategori tinggi. Uji hubungan karakteristik responden menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif antara umur suami, lama menikah, tekanan ekonomi subjektif, dan tekanan ekonomi total dengan ketahanan keluarga. Selain itu, pendidikan suami-istri, pendapatan suami, kemitraan gender dan peran gender berhubungan signifikan positif dengan ketahanan keluarga. Hasil analisis uji regresi linier berganda menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan negatif antara tekanan ekonomi dengan ketahanan keluarga dan pengaruh signifikan positif pada peran gender dan pendapatan suami. Hal ini berarti semakin rendah tekanan ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh keluarga maka semakin tinggi ketahanan keluarga yang dimiliki dan semakin tinggi peran gender serta pendapatan suami maka ketahanan keluarga akan semakin baik.

The existence of Covid-19 has changed the social and economic life of society. Families must be able to carry out gender roles and maintain family resilience. This study aims to analyze the effect of family characteristics, economic pressure, and gender roles on family resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were wives from intact families with children scattered in Bogor Regency. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method with the number of samples as many as 84 people. Data was collected through an online questionnaire using a google form. The data were processed using descriptive tests and multiple linear regression tests. The results of the study found that most of the family's economic pressure was in the low category. Some of the gender role variables are in the low category. However, most of the family resilience is in the high category. The relationship test of respondents' characteristics showed that there was a significant negative relationship between husband's age, length of marriage, subjective economic pressure, and total economic pressure with family resilience. In addition, husband and wife's education, husband's income, gender partnership and gender roles are significantly positively related to family resilience. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant negative effect between economic pressure and family resilience and a significant positive effect on gender roles and husband's income. This means that the lower the economic pressure faced by the family, the higher the family's resilience and the higher the gender role and husband's income, the better the family's resilience.