Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107402
Title: Peningkatan Produksi Telur Entok (Cairina moschata) melalui Pemberian Kurkumin dan Injeksi Hormon PMSG
Other Titles: Increasing the Production of Muscovy Duck Eggs (Cairina moschata) through Curcumin and Injection of PMSG Hormone
Authors: Rukmiasih
Manalu, Wasmen
Gunadi, Dwi
Issue Date: 2021
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Cairina moschata yang dikenal dengan nama entok atau itik manila adalah salah satu jenis ternak unggas yang telah lama dipelihara dan dibudidayakan sebagai penghasil daging. Salah satu kekurangan entok adalah produksi telur yang rendah akibat sifat mengeram yang masih kuat. Populasi entok yang rendah menjadi suatu permasalahan yang harus diatasi agar industri unggas air dapat lebih berkembang dan maju, seperti indutri ayam niaga pedaging dan petelur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pemberian kurkumin, injeksi hormon PMSG, dan kombinasinya untuk meningkatkan produksi telur entok yang didukung dengan perbaikan profil fisiologis hormon reproduksi entok betina. Entok mempunyai kelebihan dibandingkan dengan unggas air lokal lainnya. Kelebihan entok adalah cenderung lebih baik beradaptasi terhadap pakan dan lingkungan sekitar, bobot badan yang besar sehingga dapat diasumsikan menjadi sumber penghasil daging yang disukai masyarakat. Entok memiliki banyak keunggulan, tetapi kurang mendapat perhatian untuk ditingkatkan potensinya sebagai sumber protein hewani. Suatu penelitian tentang pemeliharaan entok secara intensif telah dilakukan. Objek dalam penelitian adalah entok betina muda yang siap menghasilkan telur. Penelitian dilakukan dari Januari hingga Desember 2020 di Laboratorium Lapang Unit Unggas Blok B, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Perlakuan yang diberikan dalam penelitian adalah pemberian kurkumin dengan level 240 mg kg-1 pakan, injeksi hormon PMSG 0,015 mL ekor-1 secara intramuskuler, dan kombinasinya. Peubah yang diamati meliputi performa, profil fisiologis, dan morfologi ovari entok. Data diperoleh selama 81 hari pengamatan sejak entok berhenti bertelur dan mulai diberi perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan setelah 81 hari pemberian perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi kurkumin dengan level 240 mg kg-1 pakan, injeksi hormon PMSG 0,015 mL ekor-1 secara intramuskuler, dan kombinasinya tidak berpengaruh pada konsumsi pakan harian, bobot telur, dan abnormalitas telur. Produksi telur entok yang diberi suplementasi kurkumin 240 mg kg-1 pakan (P2), diinjeksi hormon PMSG 0,015 mL ekor-1 (P3), dan kombinasi suplementasi kurkumin 240 mg kg-1 dengan diinjeksi hormon PMSG 0,015 mL ekor-1 (P4), lebih tinggi dari kontrol, masing-masing sebesar 12,95%, 36,62%, dan 57,82%. Suplementasi kurkumin dengan level 240 mg kg-1 pakan, injeksi hormon PMSG 0,015 mL ekor-1 secara intramuskuler, dan kombinasinya tidak memengaruhi konsentrasi hormon progesteron dan vitellogenin serum pada saat periode produksi dan istirahat bertelur. Perlakuan juga tidak berpengaruh pada konsentrasi hormon estradiol serum pada saat periode produksi, akan tetapi berpengaruh (P<0,05) pada konsentrasi estradiol serum pada saat istirahat bertelur. Konsentrasi estradiol serum pada entok yang diberi kurkumin dan hormon PMSG ketika istirahat bertelur tampak lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Entok tiap perlakuan masih ditemukan organ reproduksi yang belum berkembang dengan morfologi ovari yang berbeda-beda menunjukkan pengaruh genetik berperan pada kemampuan bertelur entok. Akan tetapi, entok yang diberi perlakuan memiliki perkembangan folikel prehierarki dan praovulasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Oleh sebab itu, suplementasi kurkumin dan hormon PMSG diduga memiliki potensi untuk memperbaiki morfologi ovari entok. Suplementasi kurkumin dengan level 240 mg kg-1 pakan, injeksi hormon PMSG 0,015 mL ekor-1, dan kombinasinya dapat meningkatkan produksi telur yang didukung dengan perbaikan konsentrasi hormon estradiol pada saat periode istirahat bertelur sehingga morfologi ovari entok betina lebih cepat berkembang untuk persiapan bertelur kembali. Respons entok yang beragam terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan menunjukkan bahwa faktor keragaman genetik pada unggas lokal memengaruhi kemampuan entok betina untuk menghasilkan telur.
Cairina moschata, known as entok or muscovy duck, is a type of poultry that has long been maintained and cultivated as a meat producer. One of the drawbacks of muscovy duck is the low egg production due to its strong broodiness. The low population of muscovy duck is a problem that must be resolved so that the waterfowl industry can be more developed, such as the broiler and laying chicken industry. Aim of this research was to study the administration of curcumin, injection of PMSG hormone, and their combination to increase duck egg production supported by improving the physiological profile of reproductive hormones in female muscovy duck. Muscovy duck has advantages over the other local waterfowl. The advantages of muscovy duck are that they tend to be better adapted to feed and the surrounding environment, they have a large body weight so that they can be assumed to be the preferred source of meat for the community. Muscovy duck has many advantages, but does not get enough attention to increase its potential as a source of animal protein. An intensive research on the maintenance of muscovy duck has been carried out. Object of this research is young female muscovy duck that is ready to produce eggs. The research was conducted from January to December 2020 at the Field Laboratory of Poultry Unit Block B, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University. The treatments given in the study were the administration of curcumin at a dose of 240 mg kg-1 feed, injection of PMSG hormone 0,015 mL duck-1 intramuscularly, and the combination. Research variables observed included performance, physiological profile, and morphology of the ovary of muscovy duck. Data were obtained during 81 days of observation since the muscovy ducks stopped laying eggs and began to be treated. Observations after 81 days of treatment showed that the administration of curcumin at a dose of 240 mg kg-1 feed, injection of PMSG hormone 0,015 mL duck-1 intramuscularly, and the combination had no significant effect on the daily feed consumption, egg weight, and egg abnormalities. Egg production of muscovy ducks with curcumin supplementation 240 mg kg-1 feed (P2), injection of PMSG hormone 0,015 mL duck-1 (P3), and a combination of curcumin supplementation 240 mg kg-1 feed with injection of PMSG hormone 0,015 mL duck-1 (P4), higher than control, which were 12,95%, 36,62%, and 57,82%, respectively. Curcumin supplementation at a dose of 240 mg kg-1 feed, injection of PMSG hormone 0,015 mL duck-1 intramuscularly, and the combination did not affect the concentration of hormone progesterone and vitellogenin serum during production and laying rest period. The treatment also did not affect the concentration of serum estradiol during production period, but had an effect (P<0,05) on the concentration of serum estradiol at the laying rest period. The concentration of serum estradiol in ducks that were given curcumin and PMSG hormone when laying rest period appeared to be higher than control. In each treatment, there were still undeveloped reproductive organs with different ovarian morphology, indicating genetic influence on the ability to lay eggs in muscovy ducks. However, the treated muscovy ducks had better prehierarchical and preovulatory follicle development compared to the control. Therefore, supplementation of curcumin and PMSG hormone is thought to have the potential to improve the morphology of muscovy duck ovaries. Curcumin supplementation at a dose of 240 mg kg-1 feed, injection of PMSG hormone 0,015 mL duck-1 intramuscularly, and the combination can increase egg production which is supported by an improvement in the concentration of hormone estradiol during the laying rest period so that the ovary morphology of female muscovy ducks develops faster in preparation for laying eggs again. Various responses of muscovy duck to the given treatment indicates that the genetic diversity factor in local poultry affects the ability of muscovy duck to produce eggs.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107402
Appears in Collections:MT - Animal Science

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