Systematic Review : Cendawan Entomopatogen sebagai Agensia Hayati dalam Pengendalian Serangga Hama Tanaman Kehutanan

Abstract

Cendawan entomopatogen telah digunakan dalam pengendalian hayati karena sifatnya yang ramah lingkungan dibandingkan insektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi cendawan entomopatogen dengan mengidentifikasi hasil-hasil penelitian mengenai efektivitas cendawan sebagai agen hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama tanaman kehutanan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode systematic review sehingga dapat dilakukan analisis lanjutan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari 51 artikel ilmiah terkait uji cendawan entomopatogen terhadap serangga hama tanaman kehutanan. Publikasi ditemukan di berbagai benua dengan peningkatan publikasi terjadi pada tahun 2020. Serangga dari Ffamili Curculionidae paling banyak ditemukan sebanyak 14 spesies, sedangkan kisaran stadia yang paling banyak didapati dilapangan dan telah diuji yaitu tahap dewasa. Cendawan entomopatogen didominasi oleh divisi Ascomycota sebanyak 31 spesies, dan diantaranya dari famili Cordycipitaceae sebanyak 10 spesies. Metode yang paling banyak digunakan sebesar 33% adalah metode penyemprotan langsung pada serangga dan perendaman dalam formulasi entomopatogen.

Entomopathogenic fungi have been used in biological control because of they are environmentally friendly when compared to insecticides. This study aims to determine the potential of entomopathogenic fungi by identifying research results on the effectiveness of fungi as biological agents to control insect pests of forestry plants. The research was conducted using a systematic review method so that further analysis can be carried out. The data used in this study was secondary data derived from 51 scientific articles related to entomopathogenic fungi tests against insect pests of forestry plants. Publications were found on various continents with an increase in publication occurring in 2020. Insects from the Curculionidae family were mostly found in as many as 14 species, while the most common range of stages found in the field and had been tested was the adult stage. The entomopathogenic fungi were dominated by the Ascomycota division of 31 species, and 10 of them were from the Cordycipitaceae family. The most widely used methods for 33% was direct spraying on insects and immersion in entomopathogenic formulation.