Analisis Penyediaan dan Persepsi Komersialisasi Pakan Serat di Peternakan Rakyat Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sumber pakan serat yang biasanya digunakan, menganalisis kegiatan penyediaan pakan serat di peternakan sapi perah Lembang pada musim kemarau, mengetahui rantai pasok pakan serat, menganalisis nilai tambah usaha peternakan, mengetahui minat beli peternak terhadap pakan serat, serta mengetahui faktor peternak dan pilihan jenis pakan dalam pembelian pakan serat. Wawancara dilakukan kepada 50 peternak untuk memperoleh informasi pola penyediaan, rantai pasok pakan serat, dan nilai tambah usaha peternakan. Metode survei secara purposive digunakan dalam mengetahui persepsi peternak terhadap komersialisasi pakan serat dengan responden sebanyak 100 peternak. Pengambilan sampel berupa pakan serat yang digunakan di peternakan tersebut menggunakan teknik pengambilan acak sederhana. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pakan serat yang diberikan kepada sapi perah berupa rumput budi daya, tumbuhan alam, legum, dan limbah tanaman yang seluruhnya berasal dari daerah sekitar (≤ 30 km) dengan kandungan nutrien yang bervariasi. Terdapat 16 pola penyediaan pakan serat pada musim kemarau dengan pola terbanyak yaitu kombinasi mengarit di lahan sendiri dan membeli. Berdasarkan perhitungan RFV, legum dan limbah sayuran memiliki kualitas yang baik. Rantai pasok pakan serat relatif pendek (1–4 aktor) karena pakan serat yang digunakan umumnya dalam bentuk segar dan tanpa diolah. Rataan nilai tambah (Rp1324 kg-1) dan keuntungan usaha peternakan (Rp820.82 kg-1) memiliki nilai positif walaupun dengan pemberian pakan serat yang berbeda-beda. Sebagian besar peternak rakyat sapi perah di Kecamatan Lembang memiliki persepsi baik terhadap komersialisasi pakan serat (96%). Rumput gajah menjadi pilihan terbesar dalam pembelian pakan serat yang akan dibeli oleh peternak (62%). Kualitas merupakan faktor utama keputusan peternak dalam pembelian pakan tersebut (33%).

This study aims to explore and understand the source of fibre feed that is frequently utilised, analyse the activities of fibre feed provision in dairy farms during the dry season, investigate the fibre feed supply chain, analyse the valueadded characteristic of dairy farms, to understand the perceptions of dairy farmers in Lembang District regarding their interest in purchasing fibre feed, and to explore the choice of feed types as well as factors in determining the purchase of fibre feed by the farmers. The data was collected by adopting an interview method with 50 farmers to gather information regarding the provision pattern, supply chain of respective fibre feed, and value-added of dairy farms. The purposive sampling method was implemented in this study with a sample of 100 farmers to understand the perceptions of dairy farmers regarding fibre feed commercialisation. The fibre feed sample in the dairy farms was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The data acquired was analysed using descriptive analysis. The result implied that the fibre feed that had been given to the dairy cows was cultivated grass, natural grass, legumes, and plant residue that entirely supplied from neighbourhood area (≤ 30 km), which had different nutrient content. There were 16 provision patterns of fibre feed in the dry season, the vast majority of provision pattern was the combination of foraging from the farmer’s land and feed purchasing. By referring to the RFV calculations, legumes and vegetable waste have good quality. The fibre feed supply chain was relatively short, which was about (1–4 actors) due to its freshness and required no processing. The average of value-added (IDR1324 kg-1) and the livestock business profits (IDR820.82 kg-1) had a positive value even with the provision of various fibre feed. The dairy farmers in Lembang had a good perception concerning the purchasing interest of fibre feed (96%). Furthermore, Elephant grass was the preferred option by the farmers in term of fibre feed (62%). While the quality was a critical factor that influences the decision of farmers in purchasing those particular feed (33%).