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Title: | Deteksi dan Karakterisasi Penyakit Bunt pada Biji Gandum Konsumsi Impor |
Other Titles: | Detection and Characterization of Bunt Disease in Imported Wheat Seeds for Food. |
Authors: | Wiyono, Suryo Soekarno, Bonny PW Yuliawati, Yuliawati |
Issue Date: | 10-Mar-2021 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Bunt merupakan penyakit penting pada gandum (Triticum aestivum) yang
disebabkan oleh cendawan Tilletia spp. Penyakit ini menjadi perhatian utama dalam
perdagangan internasional karena dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas
gandum. Tilletia spp. merupakan salah satu organisme pengganggu tumbuhan
karantina yang belum terdapat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mendeteksi keberadaan Tilletia spp. ada biji gandum impor dan mempelajari
karakterisik Tilletia spp. penyebab penyakit bunt.
Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel, deteksi dan identifikasi
Tilletia spp. secara morfologi dengan cara washing test dilanjutkan uji viabilitas
teliospora. Uji petik dilakukan pada satu Instalasi pengolahan gandum dengan
mengamati suhu yang terjadi pada proses penggilingan gandum menjadi produk
akhir. Data suhu serta sampel gandum dan bran diambil sebanyak 8 kali.
Keberadaan cendawan Tilletia spp. dideteksi dengan melihat biji gandum yang
bergejala yaitu biji gandum berwarna kecokelatan pada sebagian atau keseluruhuan
biji, biji menjadi kerdil dan malformasi.
Hasil identifikasi ditemukan teliospora berbentuk bulat hingga lonjong
dengan dinding berlapis ganda dan halus, berwarna cokelat kemerahan, diameter
sel 13-25 μm dengan ketebalan dinding sel 1,5-2 μm yang diidentifikasi sebagai T.
laevis. Pengujian viabilitas dilakukan pada beberapa suhu diantaranya yaitu pada
suhu ruang selama 7 hari, suhu ruang (sebelumnya diinkubasi terlebih dahulu pada
suhu 4 °C selama 1 jam) selama 7 hari, suhu 4 °C selama 7 hari, 18-20 °C selama
7 hari, dan suhu 9-11 °C selama 16 hari. Dari semua suhu yang diujikan tidak ada
cendawan T. laevis yang berkecambah. Banyak dari cendawan yang ditemukan
dalam keadaan rusak. Hal tersebut dapat dikarenakan oleh adanya perlakuan
fumigasi dan paparan panas pada saat perjalanan di dalam palka kapal laut.
Pengamatan di Instalasi pengolahan gandum didapat suhu pada mesin
gandum tertinggi pada suhu 94.00 oC, terendah 48.50 oC dengan rata-rata 67.97 oC
Pada pengukuran suhu mesin pengolah bran didapatkan suhu terendah 48.60 oC,
tertinggi 66.10 oC dengan rata-rata 55.45 oC. T. laevis ditemukan pada sampel
gandum tetapi tidak ditemukan pada sampel bran dari Instalasi pengolahan gandum. Bunt is a main disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Tilletia spp. This disease is a major concern in international trade because it can reduce the quality and quantity of wheat. Tilletia. spp. is a quarantine pest that has not been found in Indonesia. This study aimed to detect and characterize Tilletia spp. causes of bunt disease from imported wheat seed for food. The research began with sampling, description of bunt symptoms, detection and morphology identification of Tilletia spp. by washing test, viability test of teliospores and temperature observation in wheat processing factory. Temperature observation was carried out by observing the temperature on a milling machine and taking samples of wheat and bran. These were taken for 8 times. The presence of Tilletia spp. detected by looking for symptomatic grain. Wheat grains turn brown to black at the part to the entire surface of the seeds, the seeds become stunted and malformed. The result found that teliospores were globose or subglobose to ovoid, double layered and smooth walls, reddish brown, 13-25 μm diameter and 1.5-2 μm thick. Teliospores then were morphologically identified as T. laevis. Viability testing was carried out at several temperatures, at room temperature for 7 days, room temperature (previously incubated at 4 °C for 1 hour) for 7 days, temperature 4 °C for 7 days, 18-20 °C for 7 day days, and a temperature of 9-11 °C for 16 days. There was no viable T. laevis at all of the temperatures tested Many of them found were damaged. This can be due to fumigation treatment and heat exposure while traveling in the ship's hold. Observations at the wheat processing installation showed that the highest temperature of the wheat machine was 94,00 °C, the lowest was 48,50 °C with an average of 67,97 °C. The temperature measurement on the bran processing machine obtained the highest temperature of 66,10 °C, the lowest was 48,60 °C with an average of 55,45 °C. Teliospores of T. laevis was found in wheat samples but not in bran samples. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106229 |
Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cover.pdf | Cover | 980.21 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
A353180051_ Yuliawati.pdf | Fullteks | 1.37 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Lampiran.pdf | Lampiran | 689.63 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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