Pola Reproduksi dan Faktor Penentu Produktivitas Murai Batu (Copsychus malabaricus) di Bowo Bird Farm Bogor

Abstract

Murai batu (Copsychus malabaricus) merupakan salah satu burung kicau yang digemari oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi manajemen indukan, pola reproduksi, tingkat produktivitas, dan faktor penentu produktivitas murai batu di Bowo Bird Farm. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapang, wawancara, dan penelusuran dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata umur dewasa kelamin murai batu betina 8 ± 0 bulan, sedangkan jantan 12 ± 0 bulan; jumlah telur per sarang 2,80 ± 0,41 butir; lama masa pengeraman telur 14 ± 0 hari; umur sapih anakan pada tahun 2014-2019 berumur 7 ± 0 hari (1 minggu), sedangkan tahun 2020 berumur 21,67 ± 0,57 (3 minggu); jarak bertelur kembali pada umur sapih anakan 1 minggu 31,17 ± 2,60 hari, sedangkan pada umur sapih anakan 3 minggu 40,34 ± 1,53 hari; lama umur produktif murai batu betina 4 tahun, sedangkan jantan 20 tahun. Tingkat produktivitas murai batu tergolong sedang dengan persentase induk produktif 65,77%, daya tetas telur 63,50%, dan persentase kematian anak 31,87%. Faktor penentu produktivitas berdasarkan regresi stepwise yaitu frekuensi bertelur induk, jumlah telur per sarang, dan jarak waktu bertelur kembali, sedangkan berdasarkan metode PCA yaitu PC I (jarak waktu bertelur kembali, frekuensi bertelur induk, dan umur induk betina) dan PC II (jumlah telur per sarang dan jumlah konsumsi pakan).

White-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) is one of the chirping birds that are widely favored. This research aims to identify broodstock management, reproductive pattern, productivity levels, and determinant factor of productivity white-rumped shamas at Bowo Bird Farm. Data is collected through field observations, interviews, and relevant document analysis. The result of the research showed that average age of puberty female is 8 ± 0 months, while male 12 ± 0 months; clutch size is 2,80 ± 0,41 eggs; hatching period is 14 ± 0 days; age of weaned juveniles in 2014-2019 is 7 ± 0 days (1 week old), while in 2020 is 21,67 ± 0,57 days (3 weeks old); egg production cycle for 1 week weaned juveniles is 31,17 ± 2,60 days, while for 3 weeks weaned juveniles is 40,34 ± 1,53 days; productive lifespan of female is 4 years, while male is 20 years. The productivity level is classified as moderate with percentage of productive broodstock 65,77%, egg hatchability 63,50%, and juvenile mortality 31,87%. The determinant factors of productivity based on the stepwise regression were broodstock laying egg frequency, clutch size, and egg production cycle, while based on the PCA method were PC I (egg production cycle, broodstock egg laying frequency, and age of female broodstock) and PC II (clutch size and amount of feed consumed).