Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/105980
Title: Perkembangan Kecamatan Berbasis Sistem Infrastruktur dan Interaksi Wilayah di Kabupaten Pandeglang
Other Titles: Sub-Districts Development Based on Infrastructure and Spatial Interaction System in Pandeglang Regency
Authors: Rustiadi, Ernan
Ardiansyah, Muhammad
Wulandono, Okta
Issue Date: Feb-2021
Publisher: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstract: Kabupaten Pandeglang menjadi salah satu daerah tertinggal di Provinsi Banten. Terletak paling ujung barat Pulau Jawa, memiliki rasio panjang jalan per luas wilayah terendah dan data migrasi penduduk tertinggi di Provinsi Banten merupakan satu dari berbagai hambatan kabupaten ini berkembang. Untuk itu diperlukan pendekatan pembangunan yang memperhatikan sistem infrastruktur (jaringan jalan) dan interaksi wilayah antar kecamatan di lingkup internal kabupaten. Tujuan utama penelitian ini yaitu untuk memberikan informasi spasial pengaruh kerapatan jalan, interaksi spasial, luas area terbangun terhadap tingkat perkembangan kecamatan di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis kerapatan jalan untuk mengetahui tingkat aksesibilitas jaringan jalan, model maksimisasi entropi dengan kendala ganda yang diperluas (Augmented Doubly Constraint Entropy Model) digunakan guna mengidentifikasi daya tarik-daya dorong interaksi spasial yang terjadi, analisis Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) untuk mengidentifikasi area terbangun di tiap kecamatan, metode Skalogram untuk mengetahui indeks perkembangan kecamatan (IPK) dan Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) untuk menganalisis keragaman faktor-faktor penentu perkembangan kecamatan. Perhitungan aksesibilitas dengan pendekatan jaringan jalan mendapatkan hasil bahwa pertemuan ruas jalan/titik (nodes) dan ruas jalan (vertices) terpadat berada pada kecamatan di sekitaran pusat Kabupaten Pandeglang yaitu Kecamatan Majasari, Koroncong dan Kecamatan Pandeglang. Rata-rata indeks kerapatan jalan berada pada angka 0,05 yang berarti bahwa ketersediaan infrastruktur jalan di Kabupaten Pandeglang masih kurang memadai. Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata indeks konektivitas jalan, jaringan jalan di Kabupaten Pandeglang masuk dalam kategori kompleksitas sedang (medium complexity). Hasil analisis interaksi wilayah menunjukkan bahwa kecamatan di Kabupaten Pandeglang memiliki daya dorong dan daya tarik yang beragam. Sebanyak 9 kecamatan memiliki daya dorong interaksi spasial positif, mayoritas kecamatan tersebut berbatasan dengan Kabupaten/Kota Serang dan dilalui oleh jalan utama yang menuju pusat Kabupaten Pandeglang serta pada kecamatan di sekitar pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Tanjung Lesung. Sebanyak 5 kecamatan di sekitar pusat Kabupaten Pandeglang berdaya tarik positif. Sebanyak 9 kecamatan berdaya dorong negatif dan 6 kecamatan berdaya tarik negatif, kecamatan tersebut berlokasi di sekitar kawasan Pegunungan Pulosari dan Aseupan serta mayoritas kecamatan di wilayah selatan Kabupaten Pandeglang. Berdasarkan perhitungan NDBI didapatkan hasil bahwa luas area terbangun di Kabupaten Pandeglang terkonsentrasi di wilayah bagian tengah yaitu Kecamatan Panimbang, Sukaresmi, Patia dan Kecamatan Pagelaran. Klasifikasi area terbangun masuk dalam kategori sedang. Hasil analisis Skalogram menunjukkan kecamatan dengan hirarki IPK I (tinggi) mayoritas berada di perbatasan Kabupaten Serang dan Kota Serang. Kecamatan dengan hirarki IPK II (sedang) berada di sekitaran wilayah tengah Kabupaten Pandeglang dan kecamatan dengan hirarki IPK III (rendah) berlokasi di wilayah tengah menuju bagian selatan Kabupaten Pandeglang. Hasil analisis GWR menunjukkan bahwa rasio panjang jalan nasional per luas kecamatan, jumlah perjalanan harian penduduk dari kecamatan asal dan luas area terbangun memberikan pengaruh signifikan sebesar 49,00% terhadap tingkat perkembangan kecamatan. Variabel rasio panjang jalan nasional per luas kecamatan menunjukkan signifikansi lokal di 10 kecamatan yang berlokasi di bagian tengah Kabupaten Pandeglang. Variabel jumlah perjalanan harian penduduk dari kecamatan asal mampu memberikan signifikansi lokal di 22 kecamatan yang berlokasi di perbatasan Kabupaten Serang, kecamatan di pesisir Selat Sunda hingga ke wilayah selatan Kabupaten Pandeglang. Variabel luas area terbangun tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikansi lokal terhadap tingkat perkembangan di 24 kecamatan yang berada di perbatasan dengan Kabupaten Lebak. Pembangunan infrastruktur jaringan jalan di kecamatan yang terletak di wilayah selatan Kabupaten Pandeglang menjadi opsi perencanaan pembangunan. Opsi perencanaan pembangunan ini tentunya harus selaras dengan pola ruang dan struktur ruang serta potensi-kebutuhan tiap kecamatan. Pendekatan kebijakan peningkatan kesadaran peduli membangun wilayah asal menjadi rekomendasi perencanaan pembangunan guna menekan laju perjalanan penduduk harian antar kecamatan/perpindahan penduduk permanen, namun hal ini perlu kajian tersendiri guna mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat perkembangan kecamatan.
Pandeglang Regency is one of the disadvantaged regions in Banten Province. Located at the westernmost tip of Java Island, it has the lowest ratio of road length per area and the highest population migration rate in Banten Province is one of the obstacles this regency develops. This requires a development approach that takes into account the infrastructure system (road network) and regional interactions between sub-districts within the district's internal scope. The main purpose of this research is to provide spatial information on the influence of road density, spatial interaction, the built-up area on the level of development of sub-districts in Pandeglang Regency. The method used is road density analysis to determine the accessibility level of the road network, Augmented Doubly Constraint Entropy Model is used to identify the driving force of spatial interactions, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) analysis to identify the built-up area in each sub-district, Skalogram method to determine Sub-district Development Index (SDI) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to analyze the diversity of district development determinants. The calculation of accessibility with the approach of road network gets the result that point density (nodes) and road sections (vertices) are most densely located in the district around the center of Pandeglang Regency namely Majasari, Koroncong, and Pandeglang sub-districts. The average road density index is at 0.05 which means that the availability of road infrastructure in Pandeglang Regency is still inadequate. Based on the average value of the road connectivity index, the road network in Pandeglang Regency falls into medium complexity category. The results of regional interaction analysis showed that the sub-district in Pandeglang has a diverse thrust and attractiveness. A total of 9 sub-districts have a positive spatial interaction drive, the majority of the sub-district is bordered by Serang Regency and Serang City and is traversed by the main road that goes to the center of Pandeglang Regency as well as in the sub-district around the development of Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone. A total of 5 sub-districts around the center of Pandeglang regency are positively attractive. A total of 9 sub-districts are negatively encouraged and 6 sub-districts are negatively attractive, the sub-districts are located around the Pulosari and Aseupan Mountains, and the majority of sub-districts in the southern region of Pandeglang Regency. Based on the calculation of NDBI obtained results that the built-up area in Pandeglang regency is concentrated in the central area, namely Panimbang, Sukaresmi, Patia, and Pagelaran sub-districts. The built-up areas classification falls into the medium category. The results of the Skalogram analysis showed that the sub-districts with the majority of SDI I (high) hierarchy are located at the border of Serang Regency and Serang City. Districts with a hierarchy of SDI II (medium) are in the vicinity of the central area of Pandeglang Regency and sub-districts with a hierarchy of SDI III (low) located in the central area to the southern part of Pandeglang Regency. The results of GWR analysis showed that the national road length ratio per sub-district area, the number of daily trips of residents from the original subdistrict, and the built-up area had a significant influence of 49.00% on the level of development of the sub-district. The variable of national road length ratio per sub-district shows local significance in 10 sub-districts located in the central part of Pandeglang Regency. The variable number of daily travel of residents from the original sub-district can provide local significance in 22 sub-districts located at the border of Serang Regency, districts on the Sunda strait coast to the southern region of Pandeglang Regency. The variable of built-up area does not affect the local significance to the level of development in 24 sub-districts located on the border with Lebak Regency. The development of road network infrastructure in the sub-districts located in the southern region of the Pandeglang Regency is an option for development planning. It is must be aligned with the pattern of space and spatial structure and the potential needs of each sub-district. The policy approach to raising awareness of caring for building origin area is a recommendation for development planning to reduce the daily rate of population movement between sub-districts/permanent population movement, however, but this needs a separate study to determine its impact on the level of development of the sub-district.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/105980
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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