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Title: | Pengaruh Kondisi Ruang Simpan dan Jenis Kemasan selama Penyimpanan terhadap Viabilitas Benih Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt). |
Other Titles: | The Effect of Storage Conditions and Packaging Material during Storage on Viability of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) recalcitrant seed |
Authors: | Qadir, Abdul Suhartanto, M.R. Melati, Melati Priyanto, Yudhi Arie |
Issue Date: | 2021 |
Publisher: | IPB University |
Abstract: | Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is an important spicy commodity in
Indonesia that decreased its productivity. The factors influencing nutmeg
productivity is of low quality. The nutmeg seed is a recalcitrant that did not have
endurance in prolonged storage. Therefore, selecting packaging material plays an
important role during seed storage so that seed moisture content does not get
desiccation during storage and keep good viability. The good material packaging
selection must adjust to seed type, temperature, seed room humidity, initial
moisture content, storage period, and the final storage goal.
This research aimed to observe packaging material and properly seed room
to keep long term seed viability. The research arranged by nested design consisted
of the packaging material that nested in the storage periods. Packaging treatment
(K) consisted of four levels such as zipper plastic size 14 x 20 cm 0.10 mm thick
(K1), plastic sack size 17 x 21 cm 0.10 mm thick (K2), gunny sack size 14.5 x 20
cm 0.20 mm thick (K3), and plastic jar size 12 x 19 cm 0.10 mm thick (K4). Storage
period levels were 12 days (P1), 18 days (P2), and 24 days (P3). The experiment
was conducted in three separated storage room condition consisted of room
temperature (28,91 0C dan RH 61,17%) (T1), controlled seed storage (24,84 0C dan
RH 80,36%) (T2) and refrigerator (9,49 0C dan RH 18,44%) (T3).
The result showed that seed storage at room temperature for 12 days storage
period within zipper plastic had the highest viability indicated by seed germination
capacity (56.25%). The result indicated a low decrease of only 6.25% than initial
germination (62.5%). Seed moisture content was 48.42%, respiration rate (32.35
mmCO2/kg/h), growth rate (10.05 %/et mal), vigor index (9.73%), seed growth
capacity (55.00%), and the leaf amount 3.43 after 11 weeks planting seed as well.
A controlled seed storage room (AC) result showed that 12 days storage period with
a plastic zipper could hold a respiration rate of 44.03 mmCO2/kg/h) and growth rate
7.74%/etmal. Germination capacity was higher if stored in a plastic jar of 49.10%
within 12 days storage period. Unfortunately, the seed viability of nutmeg loss if
stored in the refrigerator could not grow and die. The highest seed viability
measurement that could be held on is in chamber temperature for 12 days storage
period with a plastic zipper packaging. Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) merupakan komoditas rempah penting Indonesia mengalami penurunan produktivitas yang cukup signifikan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas pala salah satunya adalah rendahnya mutu benih pala. Benih pala merupakan benih rekalsitran yang tidak tahan disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Oleh karena itu pemilihan materi kemasan sangat penting selama penyimpanan benih, agar kadar air benih tidak mengalami perubahan selama penyimpanan dan viabilitas benih dapat dipertahankan. Pemilihan jenis kemasan yang baik harus disesuaikan dengan tipe benih, suhu dan RH ruang simpan, kadar air awal, lama simpan dan tujuan akhir penyimpanan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis kemasan dan kondisi ruang simpan yan tepat untuk mempertahankan viabilitas benih pala dalam periode yang panjang. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang (Nested Design) dengan faktor jenis kemasan yang tersarang dalam beberapa periode simpan. Perlakuan 4 jenis kemasan (K) yaitu kemasan plastik klip ukuran 14 x 20 cm dengan ketebalan 0.10 mm (K1), kemasan karung plastik ukuran 17 x 21 cm ketebalan 0.10 mm (K2), kemasan karung goni ukuran 14,5 x 20 cm ketebalan 0.20 mm (K3), dan toples segiempat ukuran 12 x 19 cm ketebalan 0.20 mm (K4). Perlakuan 3 pPeriode simpan yaitu penyimpanan 12 hari (P1), 18 hari (P2) dan 24 hari (P3). Percobaan dilakukan di dalam tiga kondisi ruang simpan secara terpisah yang terdiri dari kondisi kamar dengan rentang suhu 28,910C dan RH 61,17% (T1), ruang simpan benih terkontrol (dengan AC) dengan rentang Suhu 24,84 0C dan RH 80,36% (T2) dan lemari es dengan rentang suhu 9,490C dan RH 18,44% (T3). . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyimpanan benih pala pada suhu kamar benih pala dengan periode simpan 12 hari dalam kemasan plastik klip mempunyai viabilitas tertinggi yang ditunjukkan dengan daya berkecambah benih (56.25%), Hasil tersebut menunjukkan penurunan yang rendah 6.25% disbanding daya berkecambah awal sebelum simpan yaitu 62.25%. Kadar air (48.42%), laju respirasi (32.35 mmCO2/kg/jam), kecepatan tumbuh (10.05 %/etmal), indeks vigor (9.73) dan daya tumbuh tumbuh benih 55.00%, jumlah daun dapat dipertahankan 3.43 helai setelah disemai selama 11 minggu.. Hasil penelitian penyimpanan pada ruang simpan benih terkontrol (AC) menunjukkan bahwa periode simpan selama 12 hari dengan jenis kemasan plastik klip mampu mempertahankan laju respirasi (44.03 mmCO2/kg/jam) dan kecepatan tumbuh (7.74%/etmal), namun daya berkecambah benih lebih tinggi jika disimpan dalam kemasan plastik segiempat (49.10%) selama 12 hari. Viabilitas benih pala hilang jika disimpan dalam lemari es, benih tidak mampu tumbuh dan mati. Tolok ukur viabilitas benih pala tertinggi yang dapat dipertahankan adalah jika disimpan pada suhu kamar dengan periode simpan selama 12 hari. |
URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/105712 |
Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cover A251160101_YUDHI ARIE PRIYANTO.pdf Restricted Access | Cover | 361.25 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
A251160101_YUDHI ARIE PRIYANTO.pdf Restricted Access | Fullteks | 764.99 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Lampiran_A251160101_YUDHI ARIE PRIYANTO-2.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 924.88 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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