Perdagangan secara Daring dan Nilai Ekonomi Kupu-kupu Indonesia

Abstract

Kupu-kupu menjadi salah satu komoditas satwa liar yang mulai diperdagangkan secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui data kupu-kupu yang diperdagangkan secara daring mulai dari karakteristik, status perlindungan, kategori produk, media perdagangan, ruang lingkup permintaan dan nilai ekonominya. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung melalui media internet dan toko konvensional, wawancara serta studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menemukan sebanyak 360 spesies dari 5 famili diperdagangkan dan 47 spesies di antaranya memiliki status perlindungan. Kupu-kupu diperdagangkan dalam berbagai bentuk yakni spesimen mati, spesimen hidup, offset, embedding, kerajinan tangan dan aksesoris. Terdapat 16 jenis media perdagangan yang diketahui memperjualkan kupu-kupu secara daring yakni e-commerce (6), media sosial (2), forum (3) dan situs (5) . Kupu-kupu Indonesia diperdagangkan, baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Permintaan produk kupu-kupu Indonesia paling banyak ditemukan dari negara-negara di benua Eropa. Nilai ekonomi rata-rata pemanfaatan kupu-kupu yang diperdagangkan secara daring sebesar Rp102.047,00/ekor dengan perkiraan nilai total ekonomi selama periode Januari 2018 sampai September 2019 sebesar Rp1.447.532.525,00. Potensi kupu-kupu sebagai komoditas perdagangan perlu diselaraskan dengan upaya konservasi agar kelestariannya tetap terjaga.

Butterflies are one of the wildlife commodities that are starting to be traded online. This study aims to determine the data of butterflies traded online starting from their characteristics, protection status, product category, trading media, scope of demand and their economic value. The method used is direct observation through internet media and conventional stores, interviews and literature study. The research found that 360 species from 5 families were traded and 47 species of them had protection status. Butterflies are traded in various forms, namely dead specimens, live specimens, offsets, embedding, handicrafts and accessories. There are 16 types of trading media that are known to sell butterflies online, namely e-commerce (6), social media (2), forums (3) and websites (5). Indonesian butterflies are traded, both domestically and abroad. The most demand for Indonesian butterfly products is found from countries on the European continent. The average economic value of the use of butterflies traded online is 102.047,00 IDR/head with an estimated total economic value during the period January 2018 to September 2019 is 1.447.532.525,00 IDR. The potential of butterflies as a trading commodity needs to be aligned with conservation efforts so that their sustainability is maintained.