Keragaan Galur-galur F2.5 Gandum (Triticum aestivum L) di Dataran Menengah

Abstract

Gandum (Triticum aestivum L) telah menjadi bahan pangan alternatif di Indonesia, terutama dalam bentuk tepung terigu. Volume impor gandum dan konsumsi tepung terigu di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Oleh karenanya perlu diatasi dengan merakit varietas adaptif dan berdaya hasil tinggi melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan petani Cisarua Bogor yang terletak pada ketinggian ± 600 m dpl pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2020. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan tiga ulangan. Bahan tanam yang digunakan terdiri atas 20 galur F2.5 hasil seleksi pedigree dari populasi HP1744/Selayar dan 3 varietas pembanding (Selayar, HP1744, dan Guri 3). Dua dari tiga varietas pembanding tidak tumbuh karena viabilitas benih sudah tidak baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur-galur yang diuji memiliki keragaan yang kurang baik karena terjadi cekaman kekeringan dan suhu tinggi. Karakter agronomi yang berkorelasi nyata secara positif dengan bobot biji per tanaman adalah tinggi tanaman, panjang malai utama, jumlah spikelet, jumlah biji malai utama, jumlah biji malai anakan, jumlah anakan total, dan jumlah anakan produktif. Heritabilitas tinggi teramati pada karakter jumlah floret hampa malai utama, jumlah anakan produktif, dan umur panen. Karakter jumlah anakan produktif dan umur panen memiliki keragaman genetik yang luas.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) has become an alternative food in Indonesia, especially in the form of wheat flour. The volume of Indonesia’s wheat imports and flour consumption has increase from year to year. Therefore it needs to be overcome by assembling adaptive and high-yielding wheat varieties through plant breeding programs. The research has done in Cisarua Bogor farmer land located at ± 600 m asl in January to May 2020. The research was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three replications. The plant material used consisted of twenty F2.5 lines from pedigree selection from HP1744/Selayar populations and three check varieties (Selayar, HP1744, and Guri 3). Two of the three check varieties did not grow because seed viability was not good. The result showed that the tested wheat lines had poor performance due to drought and high temperature stress. The agronomic character that correlate positively with grain weight per plant are plant height, length of main panicle, number of spikelet, number of main panicle seeds, number of tiller panicle seeds, total number of tillers, and number of productive tillers. The time to maturity character is negatively correlated with grain weight per plant. High heritability was observed in number of empty florets of the main panicle, number of productive tillers, and age of harvest. The characters of the number of productive tillers and has a time to maturity have wide genetic diversity variability.