Kajian Penanda Genetik Gen Cytochrome B dan Daerah D-loop pada Tarsius sp.

Abstract

Tarsius is an endemic species of Indonesia that is threatened. Conservation of this species would yield better results if its genetic make up and diversity determined. The objective of this research was to study the specific genetic marker on Cyt b gene and D-loop region of Tarsius sp. Sequencing of PCR product using primer H15149 on Cyt b gene yielded base sequence of 276 nts (coding 92 amino acids), while sequencing using primer DLTARPROF on D-loop resulted in base sequence of 270 nts. Results of Cyt b and D-loop fragments sequencing were put on multiple alignment with other primates from Genbank with the aid of software Genetyc-Win Version 3.0 and Clustal W, and were analyzed using MEGA program version 3.1.Fourteen different amino acid sites were found. Tarsius dianae had 12 amino acid sites (amino acid no. 2, 6, 9, 22, 23, 29, 39, 41, 42, 45, 55, and 85), T. spectrum had 7 amino acid sites (amino acid no. 2, 6, 9, 41, 45, 55 and 85) and T. bancanus had 2 amino acid sites (amino acid no. 23 and 45) which can be used as genetic marker. Five unique amino acids were found on T. dianae, such as amino acid site: 6 (valine), 22 (alanin), 29 (alanin), 39 (serin) and site 42 (valine). The genetic distance based on nucleotide Cyt b calculated using Kimura 2-parameter model indicated that in the smallest value of 0.7%, biggest 22.3% and average 13.1%, while for D-loop, the smallest genetic distance is 0% and biggest 11.8% and average 2.3%. The phylogenetic tree using neighbor Joining Method based on the sequence of nucleotide and amino acid Cyt b reveded differentiation among Tarsius, but the phylogenetic tree based on some nucleotide sequence on D-loop region could not be used to differentiate among species.