Synthesis of Hydrogel Made of Tapioca/Sago Carboxymethyl Starch and Reinforced by Oil Palm Empty–Fruit–Bunch Based Carboxymethyl Cellulose
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Date
2018Author
Lovely, Belladini
Sunarti, Titi Candra
Fahma, Farah
i Iriani, Evi Savitr
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Show full item recordAbstract
Indonesia is listed as World’s top tier producer of tapioca, sago and oil palm
empty-fruit-bunch (OPEFB). In this study, hydrogel was synthesized by
combining tapioca-or-sago-based carboxymethyl starch (CMS), OPEFB-based
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Carboxymethyl
functional group (1620-1618 cm-1) and crystallographic-peak (2θ=20o) were
investigated within both CMS samples. Sago-CMS held higher yields (175.49 g/g)
than tapioca-CMS. Morphologically, tapioca-CMS granules were oval, round, or
polygonal, individual, scattered, full-of-indents/defective-ends, whereas sago-
CMS were oval or irregular, intact and exceptionally smooth. Tapioca-CMS
possessed more amorphous (86.3%-amorphous) and viscous (310.58 cP) profile
than sago-CMS. Carboxymethyl functional group (1620-1607 cm-1) and
crystallographic-peak (2θ=20o) were spotted as well within all CMC samples.
CMC NaOH-25% possessed the highest yield (118.52 g/g). More alkali added led
to more intense CMC granules degradation. CMC NaOH-25% acquired the most
amorphous (59.5%-amorphous) and viscous (63.08 cP) profile.
Crosslinked-PVA functional group within materials’ bond (3431-3436 cm-1
and 1384-1413 cm-1) was evidenced within all five hydrogel samples (tapioca
CMS-PVA (9:1), sago CMS-PVA (9:1), tapioca CMS-CMC NaOH 25%-PVA
(2:2:1), sago CMS-CMC NaOH 25%-PVA (2:2:1), tapioca CMS-CMC NaOH
25%-PVA (8:1:1) hydrogel). CMC addition successfully improved PVA-hydrogel
crosslinks structures throughout CMS-PVA hydrogel networks, however excess
CMS disrupted PVA crystallites after its miscibility. Sago CMS-PVA hydrogel
(9:1) denoted the highest swelling capability, while tapioca CMS-CMC NaOH
25%-PVA hydrogel (8:1:1) presented the highest water absorption capacity.
Otherwise, the best oil absorption capability was indicated by sago CMS-CMC
NaOH 25%-PVA hydrogel (2:2:1).
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- MT - Agriculture Technology [2207]