Variasi Genetik dan Teknik Perbanyakan Vegetatif Cemara Sumatra (Taxus sumatrana)

Abstract

Genetic diversity and vegetatif propagation technique for Sumatran yew (Taxus sumatrana) are little known and could be useful for the management of this long-lived species either for conservation, habitat restoration or production of paclitaxel (Taxol® ), a promising anti-cancer agent. The objective of this research were: 1) To estimate genetic variation of Sumatran yew from three reproductive population (mother tree, planted tree in Cibodas Botanical Garden and natural seedling) using RAPD marker that is important in formulating appropriate conservation strategies for the species; and 2) To find out suitable rooting medium in propagating Sumatran yew vegetatively. In this study, the genetic diversity was estimated based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of the 28 universal primers screened, six produced polymorphic and clear RAPD bands. The result also showed that there was a relatively high genetic diversity within population with the percentage of polymorphic band (PPB) ranging from 45,8% – 83,33% with an average 69,43% and Nei’s genetic diversity index (He) of 0,2346, and moderate genetic differentiation among population (GST = 0,2892 ). The high genetic diversity found on population of Sumatran yew may result from their life history characteristic as an outcrossing, widespread distribution, wind-pollinated, animal digested seed and long-lived woody species. Results from shoot cutting experiment using three different rooting media showed that rooting ability was significantly affected by the medium. Among the three media tested, combination of cocodust and rice husk at the ratio 2:1 (v/v) gave the best result in rooting ability (66,7%).