Penampilan hibrida, pendugaan nilai heterosis dan daya gabung galur-galur jagung (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

The research was conducted to select superior maize inbred lines and their hybrids based on combining ability and heterosis value. The F1’s of 8x8 diallel crosses, their reciprocals and parents were evaluated at two locations, in Bogor, West Java and Metro, Central Lampung from December 2007 – May 2008. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that genotypes, General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) were significantly different in ear length, number of kernel per ear and 1000 grain weight in both locations. Reciprocal effect gave significant difference for ear length and 1000 grain weight characters in Lampung, also for ear diameter, ear weight and yield in both locations. Inbreds 276-4, 425-3 and 969 had the highest GCA value for characters ear length, number of kernels per ear and 1000 grain weight observed in both locations. Inbred 605 had the highest GCA value for ear diameter character, for ear weight and yield character, inbred 969 had the highest GCA value in both locations. Meanwhile, the best SCA values in Bogor were from the crosses between 426/612 for ear length and numbers of kernel per ear characters, 261-2/425-3 for 1000 grain weight character. In Lampung, hybrids 261-2/425-3, 276-4/786 and 276-4/261-2 showed the best SCA value for ear length, numbers of kernel per ear and 1000 grain weight. Hybrid 786/969 had the highest SCA value for ear diameter character and hybrid 261-2/425-3 for ear weight and yield in both locations. Crosses between 261-2/425-3 in Bogor and 276-4/261-2 in Lampung had the best heterosis and heterobeltiosis for ear weight and yield characters.