Spatial Multi Criteria Decision Making For Coastal Land Management (A Case Study in Maros, South Sulawesi)
Abstract
Generally, master planning is created to determine areas that are suitable with its land characteristics and capability for specific uses. The process of land suitability classification is the evaluation and grouping of specific areas of land in terms of their suitability for a particular use. This is a complex process involving multiple decisions that may relate to biophysical, socio-economic and institutional/organizational aspects. Coastal management plan is created to achieve sustainable coastal resources uses, and coastal ecosystem protection from disturbance including pollution. It is not easy to maintain sustainable coastal resources, many problems were found to arrange it. One of coastal resources problems is conflict of space/land uses among stakeholders, population, and government in appropriate coastal development activities. Integration of remote sensing, GIS and spatial multi criteria decision making were used to support coastal master planning for a sustainable coastal management. They are used for classify coastal zoning based on coastal land characteristics and spatial data building and focus to find particularly suitable area for some uses (aqua/ marine cultivation, fishing activities, and tourism in Maros), and identify conflicting area between land suitability and existing landuse and also to develop a coastal master planning using spatial multi criteria decision making for a sustainable coastal management. Based on the result, Coastal zones in Maros were divided into 2 parts, they are buffer and uses zones, where each area have 343,07 km2 and 572,83 km2 respectively. It means that there is no conservation area, hence all areas is allowed for any uses by still considering environmental aspects. Mostly, fishpond exists in Maros coastal area, but based on land suitability analysis, this area can be converted into tourism area, where it was classified into 2 classes (suitable = 47.988 km2 and marginally suitable = 23.767 km2), especially in marine also showed that almost areas can support tourism activities, because characteristics of marine such as depth and brightness of water are supporting factors. In the land, there is conflict of interest between fishpond and resort tourism. Meanwhile conflict of interest among seaweed, kejapung, and fishing activities were found in marine area. Based on this conflict, analysis of policy scenario was needed. Some assessment criteria (economic, sustainable and tourism aspects) have been chosen to determine the best policies/scenarios using multi criteria analysis, and the result showed that alt2b (alternative for tourism development) is the best scenarios for land alternatives, while alt3e (alternative for seaweed development) is the best for marine alternatives.