The Application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Determining Sensitive Area Based On Geological Hazard Perspectives
Abstract
Geological hazards is hazard which is usually classified as geological: earthquakes, faulting, tsunamis, volcanoes, avalanches, landslides, and floods. It is a well known fact that geological hazard disaster strikes countries, causes enormous destruction and creates human sufferings and produces negative impacts on national economies. Due to diverse geo-climatic conditions prevalent in different parts of the globe, different types of geological hazard disaster strikes according to vulnerability of the area. Worldwide growth of population and particularly concentration of man and his works into urban areas, has heightened such treats to level where large-scale, and often costly, planning to reduce the hazard has become essential in many country. By using GIS and Remote sensing technology to determine sensitive area based on geological hazard persepectives, constitute the new point of view in performing hte research. Remote sensing can enable geomorphic study of areas that are inacessible to field-investigation and GIS can performing spatial analysis by an unique way. Such conducting unsupervised to determine settlement area, generating slope from satellite imagery and with GIS all result can be map and analysis by using spatial analysis. To develop knowledge base which will use as an input for decision support system. The core and simultaneously benefit of this research is the capabilities of GIS and Remote Sensing technology that can help geoscientist especially geologist to capture, manipulate and analyze of information about an object without physical contact as preliminary survey (reconnaissance), mainly for geomorphic study of areas that are inaccesible to field-base investigation. Moreover, by utilizing the available sources of data (data provider) GIS and Remote Sensing can be used more effective and efficient compared to the current or traditional methods for interpreting extremely large cover research area. The sensitive area in research area, occupied by volcanic and sedimentary breccias, conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, claystone and alluvium, with slope controlled bigger than 15%. In some places, its also occupied by igneous rock with slope controlled bigger dan 50%, particularly the area with dominantly contrlolled by geologic structure. Determination concerning unstable zone in term of ‘sensitive area’ in research area immensely supported by principal component analysis in determining iron-oxide and clay-hydroxyl (alteration zone) combined with geomorphological interpretation (geology structure & drainage pattern), slope and rock characteristics weighting. There are 215 villages in Banten and West Java province which occupied sensitive area, thus detail field-investigation can be focused concerning those areas.