Kandungan Logam Berat Kromium (Cr) dalam Air, Sedimen, dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) serta Karakteristik Biometrik dan Kondisi Histologisnya di Sungai Cimanuk Lama, Kabupaten Indramayu

Abstract

The heavy metal chromium which contained in batik wastewater will cause the water gets polluted if it is discharged directly to the Cimanuk Lama River, Indramayu District without any treatment. This is happened because the heavy metal chromium dissolved in the water, settled in sediment, and accumulated in fish body. The negative impact of chromium heavy metal to fish is lead to stress, disruption of physiological processes, affecting the health, and lead to death. There will also accumulate chromium heavy metal in the body so it is not feasible consumed by the humans because endangering the health. The fish that are found in the Cimanuk Lama River was Nile Tilapia. The Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) will accumulate chromium heavy metal in the body and cause tissue damage and impaired growth. The objectives of the study were to review the content of the heavy metal chromium in water, sediment, nile tilapia fish (O. niloticus), and biometric characteristic and their histological condition in the Cimanuk Lama River, Indramayu District. This information can be used as a reference to consume Nile Tilapia and to manage the Cimanuk Lama River, Indramayu District by the community. This study was conducted from February to April 2014. Sampling for the water and the content of chromium heavy metal every month at three observation stations. Station 1 is the area of the river there is no industrial activity and residential areas, Station 2 is located around the batik industry area and residential areas, and station 3 is downstream of the basin after the batik industry activities, residential areas, and agricultural activities. Sampling of Nile Tilapia using gill net with mesh size of 1,5 inch. Nile Tilapia which is used in this study come from the catch and which are cultivated in floating cage by the fisherman. The result showed that content of chromium in the water was range from 0,85– 0,91 mg L-1, in sediment was 27,39–37,12 mg kg-1 and in body fish was 18,01–91,76 mg kg-1. There patterns isometric, allometric negative, and allometric positive. Condition factor (1,618–2,587), gonado somatic index (0,086–2,318 %), fecundity (568–1192 grains/ individual), egg diameter (0,358–0,467 μm), hepato somatic index (0,621–2,063 %) and relative weight gill (4,022–6,102 %). Gills and liver damage of nile tilapia fish classified as low to high level. Batik industry activity arround the Cimanuk Lama River, Indramayu District of contributed significantly to chromium heavy metal pollution.