Intervensi air putih dan High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) terhadap perubahan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan indeks kebugaran kardiovaskular remaja overweight
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Date
2015Author
Stefani, Megah
Baliwati, Yayuk F
Hardinsyah
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Prevalence of overweight was increased in Indonesia according to Ministry of Health (2013) showed that the overweight on person who have ages in arrange 16-18 years was 7.30%; 19 years was 8.30%; 20-24 years was 13.20%. Efforts to weight loss can be done with a combination of diet, physical activity, and changes in lifestyle (Manore 2012). Plain water had possibility of being the ideal target for the purpose to lose weight (Tate et al. 2012). The American College of Sports Medicine was recommended that HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) was physical exercise exactly combined with others diet (Kravitz 2014). A combination of research combining diet and physical exercise namely the intervention of plain water intake (PWI) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) to achieve change body mass index and the cardiorespiratoty fitness index of overweight students are rare. The objectives are to analyse the influence of the intervention of plain water intake (PWI) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Cardiorespiratory Fitness Index (CFI) of overweight students. A special purpose among others identified the habit of eating and drinking, food consumption, as well as food consumption level of subject; identified the habit of sports, the level of physical activity, sleeping patterns, and the level of stress subject; analyse the influence of PWI, HIIT and a combination of both on changes in body weight; analyse the influence of PWI, HIIT, and a combination of both on changes in Body Mass Index (BMI); analyse the influence of PWI, HIIT and a combination of both on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness index (CFI). A design was pre-post experimental study with three groups, namely; (1) plain water intake group (PWI) was nine subjects, (2) High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) was ten subjects, (3) a combination of plain water intake and High Intensity Interval Training (PWI & HIIT) was ten subjects.The criterias inclusion are aged 17-23 years (purposive) , having BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2), not in the state of running other diet, healthty, not smoking, and willing to follow every stage of intervention.Whereas, criterias exclusion which is undergoing a diet of another, was consuming a drug or a supplement weight loss. The study lasted for two months, the subject of consuming plain water as many as 600 mls one hour before meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). Subjects were doing as many as three times per week HIIT (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) with the duration of 16 minutes, consist of warming up, HIIT workout, and colling down. According to baseline data, more than half of subjects in study (58.62%) had breakfast also not different between three groups (p>0.05). Among 65.52% do not have a drink before dinner, an average on the distance between drink to meals was 5 minutes, the habit of drinking while meals (34.48%) and the amount of plain water that consumed is around 240 mls for 94.40 % subject, also not different on all of variables between three groups (p>0.05). To scatter a habitually drinks water prior to exercise some 48.30% and the number of plain water consumed as much as 240 mls for 57.20% subjects, also not different both of variables between three groups (p>0.05). The change of food consumption was occurred on the subject during the intervening. This is evidenced by test different use of food consumption paired-test, protein in PWI group also HIIT group was different (p<0.05). It means that subject on PWI group and HIIT group have to change the pattern of eating during the intervention of especially food source of protein. Adequacy of protein on the subject also not changed between pre-post intervention (p > 0.05) but the adequacy level of protein and fat on the subject changed between pre-post intervention (p < 0.05) in three groups. In line with food consumption, caloric beverages consumption and total plain water intake was different (p < 0.05) in three groups. As many as 62.07% of subjects like to do sport. The whole subjects including in the category of light activity and the results of the difference between three different treatments is not different (p>0.05) it means that the level of physical activity on subjects was not difference. Based on the four factors (frequency wake up at night, sleep tight level, noon sleep habits, wake up feeling after sleep) causing trouble sleeping only the sleep tight level which is difference in treatment (p<0.05). While the frequency of wake up at night, noon sleep habits, wake up feeling after sleep is different for all (p>0.05). A half the subject is 44.80% are detected has medium stress level. The difference between the different groups are not significant (p>0.05) stress at its subject matter to feel distress during the same period. The combination intervention of PWI&HIIT having a lower body weight (0.18 – 1.92 kg) and BMI (0.11 – 0.77 kg/m2) in overweight students and statictically, it is only led to a significant in the combination intervention of PWI&HIIT on changes in body weight and BMI (p<0.05) that are meaningful treatment combination of PWI &HIIT turns out to be lower body weight and BMI in overweight students. The group PWI, HIIT, combination of PWI &HIIT has not increase the CFI in overweight students, in addition, staticticly; in all three the treatment group was not significant on changes in CFI on overweight students. As much as 30.6% of treatment PWI, HIIT, combination of PWI &HIIT was affected to change body weight in overweight students in order that 68.4% was affected by other variable that not concern in this study. As weel as with change body weight also BMI was affected 32.9% for overweight students hence 67.1% affected by unconcern variables. Lastly, as much as 3.2% of treatment PWI, HIIT, combination of PWI&HIIT was affected to change CFI in order that 96.8% was affected by other variable that not concern in this study. The suggestion for the next study, the research will be add the duration of intervention to make sure the increment of CFI.
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