Studi Karakter Morfologi dan Fisiologi yang Berkaitan dengan Efisiensi Pemakaian Air Varietas Padi Gogo

Abstract

The demand for food consumption of rice increased with the increasing population, while recently wetland experiencing a great reduction. Therefore, dry land cultivation has been developed, including cultivation of upland rice. Dry land crop management in general is constrained by the availability of water, because source of water are only the rain and the soil's ability to retain water. Upland rice cultivation required specific cultivation, particularly the use of crop varieties that have good water-use efficiency or varieties of plants that are able to adapt to the conditions of limited water availability. Research on morphological and physiological studies related to water use efficiency of upland rice varieties need to be developed in order to create optimum utilization of dry land. The research was conducted from October 2013 to April 2014 in the greenhouse IPB Experimental Station Cikabayan, Bogor. The research design was arranged in factorial experiment and using a randomized block design. The first factor was 5 upland rice varieties (Inpago 5, Batutegi, Jatiluhur, Inpago 8 and Sarinah). The second factor was 4 irrigation intervals which were 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Thus there are 20 combinations of treatment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each experimental unit consisted of 3 media so that overall there are 180 growing media. Each planting medium consisted of three plant sample (one family). Plants in polythene bags are used as destructive plants, and were observed at the time of entry phase of the vegetatife phase and the generative phase based on the characteristics of each variety. Plants in buckets are used for the measurement of growth until the generative phase. Characteristics that assosiated with water saving of upland rices were higher plant height, longer panicle, larger roots volume, narrower leaves, higher evapotranspiration, faster flowering phase, greener leaves, higher number of leaves and tillers, heavier dry matter, higher number of grains, heavier 100 grain weight and dry weight of grains. The fraction of available absorbed water at panicle inisiation, flowering inisiation and harvesting phase was 83.36%, 137.14% and 116.65%, respectively, to obtain dry grains of 3.39 ton ha-1. Productivity of each variety at intervals of 3 days irrigation was 3.80 ton ha-1 (Inpago 5), 3.27 ton ha-1 (Batutegi), 3.86 ton ha-1 (Jatiluhur), 3.91 ton ha-1 (Inpago 8) and 2.12 ton ha-1 (Sarinah).