Pendugaan Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Koksidiosis pada Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Bandung

Abstract

Bovine coccidiosis is one of the most widely distributed parasitic diseases of cattle throughout the world, and its infection of ruminants caused by Eimeria spp. Bandung district has highland areas and cooler climate, so that, in southern part of Bandung district becomes as a dairy farm center area which called Cooperation of South Bandung Dairy Farm (KPBS) Pangalengan. Dairy cattle is one of farming comodity which has high susceptibility to coccidiosis infection due to stress condition and poor sanitation causing great economical losses include reduced milk production. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional study design in dairy cattle of Bandung district from July, 2014 to January, 2015 which aimed to determine the prevalence, species composition, and associated risk factors with coccidiosis. Another aim of the study was to evaluate various factors such as: sex, age of the cattle and type of pen flooring influencing the number of Eimeria oocysts shedding in dairy farm. Samples were obtained from 400 dairy cattle (196, 37 and 167 for aged less than 6 months, 6-12 months and more than 12 months, respectively). Fecal samples were collected, examined and counted for prevalence, species composition and number of oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) to determine for Eimeria by McMaster technique. A questionnaire was completed for individual dairy cattle to record information about animal health and husbandry. OPG counts presented asymmetrical distribution and for this reason, the data were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney test for explanatory variable with 2 categorical factors and a Kruskal-Wallis test for explanatory variable with more than 2 categorical factors followed by Dunn test as a multiple comparison test. Meanwhile, associated factors with risk of Eimeria infection were performed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression models. Overall prevalence and mean of oocysts number of Eimeria in cattle was 179 (44.8%; Confidence Interval (CI) 95%: 40.0%-49.6%) and 286.8 opg (oocysts per gram of feces) (CI 95%: 135.7-437.8) respectively, while highest prevalence of Eimeria (67.3%; CI 95%: 60.8-73.9) was observed in calves aged less than 6 months. Ten species of Eimeria were identified in total infected cattle. Among the identified species of Eimeria, E. bovis was found to be highest prevalent species (42.5%), followed in order by E. wyomingensis, E. bukidnonensis, E. pellita, E. auburnensis, E. zuernii, E. cylindrica, E. canadensis, E. brasiliensis and E. alabamensis with prevalence of 39.1%, 32.4%, 26.3%, 19.6%, 17.3%, 3.9%, 3.9%, 3.4% and 1.1% respectively. Sex, age of the cattle and type of pen flooring have significantly effect (P<0.05) with the number of oocysts shed. Younger calves aged less than 6 months shed highest amounts of oocysts than older cattle. Coccidiosis prevalence in cattle aged more than 12 months had lower statistically significant difference (P<0.05) to calves aged less than 6 months and aged 6-12 months. The presence of an immature immune system in younger calves resulting in their higher susceptibility to coccidiosis. Among management and animal health practices, only floor type which had significantly association with the prevalence of Eimeria in cattle.