Pendugaan Parameter Genetik dan Respon Seleksi Genotipe Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Lingkungan Lahan Masam

Abstract

Acid soil is a limiting factor for maize production in the world. Development of maize varieties tolerant to acid soil is needed in order to maintain sustainability of food production. The objectives of this research are to estimate the broad sense heritability and response to selection, and to identify potential genotypes for further utilization in a maize breeding program. This research was conducted at the Cikarawang experimental station, University Farm IPB, from November 2014 to March 2015. The experiment was arranged in an augmented design with 265 candidate genotypes from The Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) Maros, South Sulawesi, along with seven check genotypes. The analysis of variance results showed that the effects of candidate genotypes are significant for all observed traits, except for ear height, stem diameter, and 100 seeds weight. Growth ability, days to anthesis, plant height, and yield components have high broad sense heritability, whereas number of ears per plant has low heritability. An index-based simultaneous selection exercise with 5% intensity resulted in 12 genotypes selected, namely 195, 252, 298, 166, 112, 256, 249, 369, 32, 231, 247, and 326. The estimated responses to selection are positive for all characters, except for days to anthesis and days to silking, as expected. The clustering result showed that all selected genotypes are grouped in the same cluster except genotype 369. These selected genotypes are considered potential as genetic sources for breeding acid soil tolerant maize varieties