Daya Saing dan Determinan Ekspor Udang Beku Indonesia di Negara Tujuan Ekspor

Abstract

Frozen shrimp is one of Indonesian export commodities that has the biggest shares on total fisheries export. Indonesia is the fourth biggest exporters of frozen shrimp in the world. However, it didn’t mean that competitiveness is high too. Hence, the purposes of this research are to analyze competitiveness and market position of frozen shrimp and to analyze the determinant of export of frozen shrimp in the world, especially on 15 countries from 2004-2013 using gravity model analyzed by static data panel. RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) analysis shows that frozen shrimp Indonesia has high comparative advantage on all destination countries except Spain. EPD (Export Dynamic Product) analysis shows that market position is rising star only in United States. Meanwhile, market position is in lost opportunity in nine destination countries and the rest is in retreat. Based on gravity model, it is shown that the increasing on GDP real per capita of destination country, frozen shrimp price of rival country, and economics distance have positive effect on frozen shrimp export. Meanwhile, the increasing on GDP real per capita of Indonesia, frozen shrimp price of Indonesia, and real exchange rate have negative effects on frozen shrimp export.