Karakter Morfologi dan Fisiologi Genotipe Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Introduksi Toleran Suhu Tinggi di Dataran Tinggi dan Sedang

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a member of Gramineae family originated from subtropical regions, that is consumed as a second food in Indonesia, but most of it are imported. Efforts to save foreign exchange from import of wheat is to develop wheat in Indonesia. Planting wheat in Indonesia is facing high temperature stress. Application of putrescine is expected to induce high temperature stress tolerance. This research aimed to study the morphological and physiological respons of two introducted wheat genotypes (Sbr and Astreb) that are tolerant to high temperatures under putrescine application. Wheat was planted in two locations: Cipanas (1100 m asl) and Cisarua (600 m asl) and then was observed the morphological (plant height, number of tillers, number of stomata; angles, thickness and flag leaf area) and physiological characters (chlorophyll content and transpiration rate) to evaluate the effect of 0, 1.25 and 2.5 mM putrescine application. Putrescine treatment in plants significantly affected on the content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll after 2nd period of putrescine application consentration 2.5 mM in Cipanas. Genotypic differences only affected on adaxial stomatal density after putrescine application in Cipanas, and adaxial stomatal density after 1st period of putrescine application in Cisarua. Genotype Sbr showed better growth in both locations compared with genotype Astreb at high temperature area.