Dampak kebijakan tarif impor dan pajak ekspor terhadap kinerja perekonomian, sektor pertanian dan distribusi pendapatan di Indonesia: suatu pendekatan model keseimbangan umum
Impact of import tariff and export tax policies on the economic performance, agricultural sector and income distribution in Indonesia: a computable general equilibrium approach
Abstract
Rentang waktu duo puluh limo tahun pembangunan nasional yang telah berlalu telah menghasilkan berbagai kemajuan bogi berbagai sektor dan bangsa Indonesia. Pendapatan per kapita selama dua puluh lima tahun tenebut, telah meningkat dari US $ 70 perkapita pada awal repelita I (tahun 1969) rnenjadi sekitar US $879.8 perkapita pada tahun 1995. Terjadi fenomena menarik dari pergeseran polo pertumbuhan ekonomi lndonesia yaitu turnbuhnya sektor manufaktur dan kontruksi yang menggeser peranan sektor pertanian dan pertambangan. Pada tahun 1983, perekonomian lndonesia masih sangat agraris dimana peran sektor pertanian mencapai 23 penen bobot dari produk domestik bruto(PDB) The past twenty-five-year national development in Indonesia has resulted in progress of various sectors and to the Indonesian people. Income per capita had increased from US $70 IN 1969 to approximately us $879.8 in 1995. During that time an important phenomenon that occurred was the sectoral shift of economic growth in Indonesia from agricultural and mining into manufacture and construction. In 1983, Indonesian economic based on agricultural sector, which contributed 23 percent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), whereas industrial sector contributed 12.7 percent. This tendency started to change in 1991. In 1993, industrial sector contributed 22.3 percent, and in 1994 23.91 percent, whereas agricultural sector in 1994 contributed only 17.44 percent of GDP.