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      Volatilitas dan disparitas harga beras: studi di negara indonesia, india, dan dunia

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      Date
      2014
      Author
      Busnita, Silvia Sari
      Oktaviani, Rina
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      Abstract
      Isu kerawanan pangan yang melanda dunia pasca krisis global 2008 lalu membuat fluktuasi harga pangan khususnya padi-padian melonjak tajam. Pada komoditi beras, fluktuasi harga bahkan terjadi pada beberapa negara produsen utama. Padahal komoditas ini masih jarang digunakan barang substitusinya dan dikonsumsi oleh separuh penduduk dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi volatilitas serta disparitas harga beras yang terjadi Indonesia, India, dan dunia serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi volatilitas harga beras Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time-series bulanan dari tahun 2007:1 sampai 2013:12. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis volatilitas harga beras adalah ARCH-GARCH, sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya menggunakan metode VECM. Hasil analisis volatilitas menunjukkan bahwa harga beras Indonesia dan harga beras dunia merupakan variabel ekonomi yang volatil dan bervariasi antarwaktu (time varying) dengan disparitas harga setiap tahunnnya. Namun tidak untuk negara India. Hasil estimasi VECM menunjukkan pada jangka panjang variabel yang signifikan mempengaruhi volatilitas harga beras Indonesia adalah dari sisi supply, yaitu cadangan beras domestik, produksi padi, dan harga beras domestik, sedangkan harga beras dunia berpengaruh signifikan pada jangka pendek.
       
      Food security issue after 2008 global-crisis mainly affect the fluctuations of food price, especially on the major grain price from all over the world in the last few years. Even for the rice-commodity, the price hikes also occur in some of the country's major producers. Although the rice itself is still consumed by half of the world's population. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify the volatility and disparity of the rice price in Indonesia, India, and the world market, as well as to analyze the affecting factors of the rice price volatility in Indonesia case. By applying monthly time-series data from 2007 to 2013, this research used the ARCH-GARCH model to identify the rice-price volatility, while the VECM model is used to analyze the affecting factors of it. The results show that Indonesia and the world rice-price are volatile, time-varying variables, with the disparity per years. As for India, the result found that no volatility in Indian rice-price. The VECM estimation result shows that on the long-run the supply side significantly affect Indonesia's rice-price volatility, which are domestic rice-stock, paddy-production, and domestic rice-price. While on the short-run world rice-price variable also influenced Indonesia's rice-price volatility.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/72620
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3214]

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