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      Perancangan proses dan sistem produksi mikroalga Dari limbah cair agroindustri

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      Date
      2010
      Author
      Suprihatin
      Romli, Muhammad
      Ismayana, Andes
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      Abstract
      Salah satu alternatif untuk memanen energi surya adalah dengan memanfaatkan proses fotosintesis mikroalga dalam suatu sistem yang terkendali. Dibandingkan dengan jenis tanaman lainnya, mikroalga mampu memanfaatkan energi surya secara lebih efisien, laju pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tinggi, tidak memerlukan lahan subur, serta biaya investasi dan biaya operasi / pemeliharaan rendah. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan potensi tersebut, dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan rancangan proses dan sistem produksi mikroalga dari limbah cair agroindustri (limbah cair dari industri peternakan, rumah pemotongan hewan dan industri gula). Hasil rancangan dilengkapi dengan hasil kajian parameter desain/operasi, dan hasil analisis tekno-ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga limbah cair yang diuji, limbah cair RPH dan peternakan berpotesi untuk digunakan sebagai substrat pertumbuhan mikroalga. Tergantung pada karakteristik media tumbuh, pertumbuhan eksponensial mikroalga mulai teramati pada hari ke-4 dan berlangsung selama 5-8 hari. Setelah 12-15 hari mulai teramati terjadi fase kematian. Laju pertumbuhan mikroalga dalam media limbah cair RPH (0,14 ± 0,09 hari-1) relatif sama dengan mikroalga dalam media limbah cair peternakan (0,14 ± 0,03 hari-1). Sistem produksi mikroalga dari limbah cair agroindustri direkomendasikan menggunakan sistem sequencing batch dengan pra-perlakuan limbah cair secara anaerobik untuk menurunkan kadar COD hingga 750-1000 mg/L sekaligus untuk menghasilkan biogas (bioenergi). Siklus produksi dalam waktu 5-8 hari, dan pemisahan biomassa mikroalga dilakukan dengan sentrifugasi, atau koagulasi/flokulasisedimentasi. Residu sisa proses ekstraksi minyak dioalah secara anaerobik bersama dalam unit pra-perlakuan limbah cair secara anaerobik untuk menghasilkan bogas (metana). Sistem produksi memberi manfaat ekonomis dan lingkungan seperti produksi biomassa mikroalga yang memiliki nilai ekonomi, konservasi sumberdaya air, dan perolehan kembali nutrien, sehingga dapat dipandang sebagai win-win solution bagi pengelolaan lingkungan dan berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan pertanian yang berkelanjutan (sustainable agriculture).
       
      An alternative for efficient earning solar energy is by using algal photosynthesis in a controlled system. Compared to another plants microalgae utilize solar energy more efficient, higher growth rate and productivity, does not need fertile soils as well as low investment and operation costs. Climate and geographical conditions such as sun light during the whole year and land availability also support the application of alga system in Indonesia. To be able to utilize the potential, this research is conducted to design an algal production process and system with growing media of agroindustrial wastewaters (slaughterhouse wastewater, livestock wastewater, and sugar cane mill wastewater). Research results show that slaughterhouse wastewater and livestock wastewater can be considered as good media for microalgae production, whereas sugar cane mill wastewater is not suitable for this purpose because of the low nutrients content. Depending on the wastewater characteristics, the exponential growth phase of the microalgae is observed at the 4th day and took place for 5-8 days. After 12-15 days, the dead phase started to begin. Microalgae growth rate of 0.14 ± 0.09d-1 is observed in the media of slaughterhouse wastewater, whereas microalgae growth rates were in the range of 0.14 ± 0.03d-1. Considering the technical constrains in continuous microalgae production system it is recommended to produce microalgae using sequencing batch system. Slaughterhouse wastewater as well as livestock wastewater needs to be pre-treated using anaerobic system to reduce COD to app. 1000-750 mg/L and in the same time to produce biogas (bioenergy). The microalgae production is designed in the exponential phase consequence in a production cycle of 5-8 days. Microalgae are separated from media using centrifugation or coagulation/flocculation followed by sedimentation. Treated wastewater can be recycled or reused for various purposes. Residue from the oil extraction can be treated in the anaerobic reactor that utilized for pre-treating wastewater. In this bioreactor the residue will be stabilized and additional energy source (methane) will be created. This system can provide economical and environmental benefits such as microalgal biomass production and nutrients recovery. Therefore this system can be considered as a win-win solution for a sustainable environmental management and sustainable agriculture development.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/71968
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository