Fraksi Polar Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) sebagai Antiretroviral terhadap Simian Retrovirus

Abstract

Psidium guajava leaf extract contain active compound that is expected to block the activity of reverse transcriptase enzyme, so it is potential to inhibit retrovirus replication, such as simian retrovirus (SRV). This virus infect long-tailed macaques which has similarity to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in human. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate antiretroviral effect of P. guajava leaf fraction to cell culture infected with SRV. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the antiretroviral effect. The result showed that simplicia of P. guajava contained secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, saponins and steroids. Ethanol 50% extract inhibited SRV replication at 7.8 ppm without toxicity to A549 cells. Further fractionation with mixed eluent of chloroform and methanol (7:3) yielded a fraction that inhibited SRV replication at 125 ppm. Based on infra-red spectra, the suspected functional group was flavonols.