Side Effects of Isopropilamine Glyphosate Herbicide Used on Growth, Yield, and Residue of Maize

Abstract

Maize is one of strategic cerealia in Indonesia. Increased of maize demand was a result of maize various function as feed, ingredient for food and drinks and raw material for alternative energy. A way to increase maize production is through amelioration of cultivation technique, for example by increasing production cost and labor efficiency through no tillage cultivation. No-tillage cultivation was identical with herbicide especially for weed control. The most common herbicide used is herbicide with Isopropilamine Glyphosate as active ingredient which is systemic, non-selective, pre-growth and broad spectrum control herbicide. Because of it’s non-seletive characteristic, IPA-Glyphosate herbicide use has potential to get into maize plant and affect its growth and yield. Also, absorption of IPA-Glyphosate has potential to form residue in the harvested yield. The objective of this research was to study the effect of IPA-Glyphosate herbicide on maize growth and yield. This experiments was conducted at Sindang Barang Farm IPB, Bogor from April to August 2013. The experiment used is a Randomized Block Design as experimental design with one factor, formulation of herbicide ith Isopropilamine Glyphosate as active ingredient. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments such as control, and herbicide with doses 3, 4, 5, and 6 l ha-1. Plot size was 4 m x 4 m, with plant spacing of 70 cm x 20 cm. Plots were treated on week before planting. Growth and yield of corn were influenced by herbicide treatments. Herbicide treatment at doses of 4 l ha-1 to produce seed growth, number of leaves, plant height, and leaf area the highest compared with other treatments. Similiar results also occur in the yield parameters of corn. Increased herbicide doses above 4 l ha-1 lower the better outcomes observed that variable growth and yield of corn. Based on glyphosate residue analysis indicated that each treatments contained residues of glyphosate. Herbicide treatment doses of 6 l ha-1 showed the highest residual value compared with other treatments. The Isopropilamine Glyphosate herbicide residue test result in this research were still under Maximum Limit of Residue.