An Anallysiis On Agrofforesttry Parttnershiip In Order To Miiniimiize Forestt Encroachmentt (Case Study of “Tumpangsari “for Food Crops at Plantation Forest Consession in Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan)
View/ Open
Date
2014Author
Suyudono, Iman
Syaufiina, Laiillan
Suharjito, Didik
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Forest degradation is becoming a very important issue with global warming . Broadly speaking, the functions of forests include economic, social, and ecological. Forest area in Indonesia covers approximately 133 million hectares, 31% of them are not vegetated (Ministry of Forestry 2011). The rate of deforestation in 2000-2009 covering 1.5 million hectares per year and the island of Borneo as the greatest contributor to deforestation of more than 36% (Sumargo et al. 2009). In 2011 forest area of 832 thousand hectares were degraded (Ministry of Forestry 2011). There is approximately 35% rural/urban or in and around the forest areas (Directorate General of Planology 2010). Surrounding community and in the forest in general farming by clearing forests for agriculture to meet their food needs. Increasing population and industrial forestry, plantation, mining has been narrowed the forest so area for cultivation fallow periods are shortened and degraded. The release of forest land for plantations encourage public access to forests penetrated by the limited acreage for farming (Setiawan 2010). The Law 41 of 1999 on Forestry explain occupation is clearing forest without permission from the authorities. Many of the overlapping licenses between central and local government policies due to the orientation of the respective interests (Kartodihardjo 2006) . Habits of the population around the forest to meet the food needs (subsistence) with a system of shifting cultivation is still the tradition by opening the forest. On the other hand there is plantation forest land ready for planting crops that can be used continuously for food crops. The objectives of the study was to explore the potential of forest land for agroforestry (“tumpangsari”) of food crops, forest encroachment analyzes, calculating the cost of production and revenue intercropping. The benefits of research are opening up opportunities in plantations for food crops without changing the function of forests, minimize conflict, increase stand growth and ensure food security . The study was conducted at forest plantations at Semaras and natural forests at Mekarpura, both in Pulau Laut and Senakin Kotabaru. Time study on rice planting season in October 2011-January 2013 (two season). Observations were made with the sample plot size of 2.5 x 2.5 meters by 20 plots at each site to measure productivity of rice plant. Measurements performed on plant growth trees in the sample plot locations intercropped and non-intercropped plants. Intercropping participant data retrieval, socio-economic and other demographic data conducted purposive sampling. The type of data in the form of primary data and secondary data. The primary data obtained from direct field measurements and interviews, while the secondary data obtained from various sources including the relevant agencies. The productivity of rice in “tumpangsari” model was 3.3 tones ha-1 which higher than that of in shifting cultivation area in secondary forest of about 3.1 tones ha-1 and significantly different. Shifting cultivation of rice production in the secondary forest at Pulau Laut and in Senakin 3.12 tons ha-1 and 3.173 tonnes ha-1respectively. Statistically productivity shifting cultivation of rice in both secondary forest sites were not significantly different . The cost of rice production amounting to Rp 5.932 million ha-1 or Rp 1 779 kg-1. Most of the cost of production, approximately 71% is labor costs while the remaining 29% of the cost of materials and infrastructure. The composition is dominated by labor costs of land preparation and harvesting costs of Rp 2.96 million ha-1 or 70% of the total labor cost of Rp 4.21 million ha-1. Income participants intercropping of Rp 10.032 million ha-1 from the sale of grain at a price of Rp 3 000. In these conditions the intercropping advantage for farmers of Rp 4.1 million kg-1 or Rp 1 230 kg-1 with R/C activity of 1.69. Growth of A. mangium grown in intercropping system better than the non-intercropped grown. Different diameter and volume growth significantly until the age of 6 months and 2 years , while the age of 3 years and 4 years did not differ significantly. Diametre growth in intercropped and non-intercropped location age 6 months: 2.27±0.57 cm and 1.048±0.30 cm, age 2 years: 12.90±1.65 cm and 9.68±2.83 cm. High growth differed significantly between locations intercropped and non-intercropped . Thus intercropping agroforestry activities in plantations give benefit for farmers and the concession holder. Based on trend analysis there is an increasing number of population but on the contrary there is a decrease in food production of rice of Kotabaru. Kotabaru will experience a food deficit of rice in 2014 amounted to 525 tons and continues to increase to 8 557 tons in 2017. Likewise, in the Pulau Laut deficit in 2013 amounted to 2 869 tons and is increased to 9 677 tons. Based on these conditions, the role of intercropping in plantations is urgent to apply. Forest land that are ready to be implemented per year in Pulau Laut plantations approximately 4 263 ha. Assuming the entire area can be intercropped, the production potential of rice annually about 7 983 tons . Becaused of expansive oil plantation has led to the limited acreage for farming communities to meet basic subsistence food needs. This leads to occupy the consession area, covering an area of approximately 3 714 hectares, mainly in the western part of the working area of plantation forest concessions 64.2%. This triggered by expansive oil plantation as well as the forest plantation development activities are concentrated on the eastern side. Setting block plant becomes very important to prevent further occupation. From this study it can be concluded that intercropping quite profitable for farmers and plantation forest concession holders. There is a potential for rice production in the Pulau Laut forest plantations when used optimally. It can close the deficit in food Kotabaru that will happen starting in 2014. Intercropping rice is an early form of collaboration with the communities around the forest. The collaboration can be improved further on the management of plantation stands and minimize the threat of occupation.