Deteksi Virus yang Menginfeksi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) di Jawa Barat

Abstract

Symptoms of viral infection were found in the center of potato cultivations in West Java (Rancabali, Pengalengan, and Bayongbong). However the viruses associated with these symptoms had been unknown yet. The conducted research aims to detect and identify the viruses molecularly. Fifty leaf samples were randomly collected from symptomatic potato plants of 50 samples at each location. Paramaters measured were symptoms, disease incidence, and viral DNA sequences which were predominantly found. Disease incidence was determined by serological tests using PVY, PVX, PVS, and CMV antiserum. While nucleic acid was amplified by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. The result showed that the symptoms were found vary in potato leaves, such as mosaic, vein clearing, vein banding, rugose, and leaf malformation. Disease incidence of PVY, PVX, PVS, and CMV in Rancabali were 28%, 0%, 0%, and 28%, in Pengalengan were 80%, 24%, 2%, and 82%, and in Bayongbong were 82%, 0%, 6%, and 74%, respectively. RT-PCR using specific DNA primers successfully amplify PVY and CMV coat protein gene from Bayongbong each approximately size 801 bp and 657 bp. The homology of nucleotide and amino acid of PVY from Bayongbong against PVY isolates from the other countries ranged from 89.5-99.7% and 92.0-100%. The highest homology was closely to PVYNTN from China and Japan. Whereas the homology of nucleotide and amino acid of CMV from Bayongbong against CMV isolates from the other countries ranged from 87.6-96.9% and 86.9-93.7%. The highest homology was closely to CMV strain Soybean stunt (SS) from Bogor (Indonesia). Both of viruses strain (PVYNTN and CMVSS) and PVS were the first reported in potato crops in Indonesia.