The Potency of Cissus quadrangula Salisb. Stem Extract on Proliferation and Differentiation of Rats Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell into Osteocytes.
Abstract
Cissus quadrangula Salisb. (CQ) was traditionally used in certain bone diseases treatment, in Aceh. Cissus quadrangula Salisb. contained biochemical compounds such as phytoestrogen, calcium and phosphorous, that were reported can trigered osteogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow can be differentiated to be several cell types such as osteoblast, osteocyte and adipocyte. This study was conducted to observed potency and optimal dose of CQ in proliferation and differentiation of rats bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated from os femur and os tibia of rats. There were five treatment groups in this study. All treatment groups used modified Dulbecco’s modified eagles’s medium (mDMEM) medium. In the control group was not added CQ extract, while in the other groups were added 0.1 mg/mL (CQ 0.1 mg/mL), 0.3 mg/mL (CQ 0.3 mg/mL), 0.6 mg/mL (CQ 0.6 mg/mL) and 0.9 mg/mL (CQ 0.9 mg/mL) of CQ extract. The level of cell proliferation was analyzed by using population doubling time (PDT) technique. Identification of cell differentiation was done by morphological observation after staining with Alizarin red. Cell differentiation was indicated by the number and diameter of osteoblast and osteocyte. The result showed CQ extract treatments decreased PDT significantly (P<0.01), than that of control. It showed that CQ stem extract increased proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. The number of osteoblast of control treatment group was lowest significantly (P<0.01) than others CQ stem extract treatment groups. The treatment of 0.3 mg/mL CQ stem extract showed the highest number of osteocyte significantly (P<0.01) than others treatment groups. It showed that CQ stem extract increased cell differentiation. The diameter of osteoblast and osteocyte of all treatments groups were not different significantly (P>0.05). It showed that CQ stem extract did not influence on cell diameter. The study concluded that CQ stem extract increased proliferation and differentiation of rats’ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast and osteocyte. The optimal dose of CQ stem extract was 0.3 mg/mL.
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