Inheritance of quantitative characters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to lowland

Abstract

The main problem of the cultivation of tomato plants in Indonesia is the limited varieties which have high yield potential, good fruit quality and well adapted at lowlands. The extensification in the highlands is quite difficult to do. Therefore low and medium land were subjected to the extensification for planting tomato in the future. The research involved three activities, i.e. (1) characterization of tomato germplasm and criteria selection for high tomato yield at lowlands, (2) estimation genetic parameters traits using diallel crosses and (3) performance of F1 tomato high yield at lowlands. The objective of the first activity was to obtain parental candidates for estimating genetic parameters with characterization using principal component analysis and clusters analysis. The germplasm of tomato was characterized into three groups, namely group I (IPBT1, IPBT4, IPBT8, IPBT13, IPBT58, IPBT83 and IPBT84), group II (IPBT3, IPBT23, IPBT30, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT53 and IPBT57) and group III (IPBT80). Good character used for the selection fruit of weight per plant at lowlands are weight per fruit and fruit size. The objective of second activity was to study of inheritance of both characters quality and quantity of tomatoes. The objective of third activity was to obtain a better hybrid of commercial hybrid varieties. The results showed there are no interaction between loci. Fruit length, fruit width, fruit size, weight per fruit, fruit flesh thickness, total soluble solid and weight of fruit per plant traits were influenced by additive and dominant factors. Number of locule and number of fruit per plant traits were influenced by additives factor. Broad and narrow sense heritability of all the characters were high. The parents which had a good general combining ability for fruit length, fruit width, fruit flesh thickness, fruit size, weight per fruit and fruit weight per plant were IPBT1, IPBT13 and IPBT84, whereas those for number of fruits per plant and number of locule were IPBT30 and IPBT33. Hybrid IPBT1 × IPBT13, IPBT84 × IPBT1, IPBT1 × IPBT84 were the best hybrids for high yield at lowlands, whereas IPBT33 × IPBT30 and IPBT30 × IPBT33 were the best hybrid for small tomatoes.