Kajian desain lanskap permukiman tradisional Madura

Abstract

Traditional settlements can be one of community identities. The existence of identity in a society shows teritoriality function that allows people to control their environment. Settlement is one teritirial unit that can provide security, identity, and stimulation for the residents as a home base. Madura settlement is interesting because of its sizeable population and spread in various regions in Indonesia. Research on Madura traditional home garden has concluded a concept design of home gardens with deep values of the Madurese culture. This study aims to analyze and formulate design concepts of traditional settlements Madura. The specific objectives of this study were: (1) Identify the characteristics and factors that influence the formation of the Madurese traditional settlements, (2) Assess the elements forming the settlement and its underlying philosophy, (3) Assessing spatial Madurese traditional settlements. Research using qualitative methods and took place in Sumenep, Madura. The data was collected through interview techniques, literature search, and field surveys. Research results showed traditional settlement Madura formed by groups of homes that have ties of kinship. Each group is separated by a house or a farm road. Madura traditional settlement pattern is strongly influenced by the culture and philosophy of life that thrive in the community. In life there are people Madura concept buppa-Babbu-teacher-rato. The concept of a hierarchy of respect that should be done Madura, namely to parents (bappa-babbu), teachers (kyai), and government (rato). Madura traditional settlement formed by the combination of three factors, social grouping, religious factors, and factors of kinship. Element consists of a traditional settlement Madura traditional homes, farms, mosques, and a burial ground. In traditional residential patterns of the two known Madura tanean lanjhang patterns and pattern mejhi. Madura traditional settlements spatial layout is divided into macro and micro settlements. Macro spatial settlement distinguish settlements according to the function space, nature, and the aspect of trust. Settlements in micro spatial divide the space according to kinship and function space usage. Madura concept design is a residential neighborhood with a traditional design with a cluster of settlements in the form of space division of private space, public space and private open space. The concept was based on the aspects of vegetation vegetation functions as a buffer and production. Circulation in the settlement is divided into circulation on the main roads and circulation on neighborhood streets. Circulation on the environment tend not to have a clear and unequivocal pattern.

Permukiman tradisional dapat menjadi salahsatu pembentuk identitas suatu masyarakat. Penelitian mengenai taman rumah tinggal tradisional Madura telah menghasilkan suatu konsep desain desain taman rumah tinggal yang sarat dengan nilai budaya masyarakat Madura dan manjadi dasar bagi penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan merumuskan konsep desain permukiman tradisional Madura melalui identifikasi karakteristik permukiman tradisional dan faktor-faktor pembentuk permukiman, kajian terhadap elemen permukiman, tata letak, dan simbolisme, serta kajian terhadap elemen pemukiman terhadap aspek tata ruang permukiman tradisional.