Village study of traditional landscape settlement saibatin lampungnese at Kenali Village, West Lampung

Abstract

Kenali village is the provenance of Lampungnese inhabitants, included in traditional/historical area in West Lampung Regency. The development and growth community process shifted the cultural landscape characteristic in Pekon Kenali. Study of traditional landscape settlement character need to do because the information and knowledge about it is still definite. This study purpose to (1) identified the character of traditional landscape settlement in Kenali Village, (2) analyzing the factors that influence the landscape, (3) identified the main cause of the settlement’s character change, and formulate the development plan. The method use descriptive and spatial analysis through observation, interview, and study of literature. This village located in 104°10’-105°20’ Longitude East and 5°10’-4°55’ South Latitude. The slope in settlement area is relative flat and scarp in forest area. The elevation is 800-1020 m upon the sea, temperature is 26-28 °C, rain fall 2500-3000 mm/year, and humidity 75%-95%. Total area 1211 Ha by land uses: settlement, rice field, plantation, forest, mix-garden, fish pond, rivers, and roads. Almost surrounding area are hilly and mountaineous with scarps. Plants in settlement area are ornamentals, herbal, cooking spices, fruits, vegetables, and pulses. Forest crop dominated by resin and main plantation crop is coffe. Animal pets villagers are: cow, buffalo, goat, chicken, duck, cat, and dog. Indigeneous people are Lampung Saibatin tribe lineage Buay Tumi and Belunguh. Total population 1319 inhabitans in 467 family. This village counted development village with total prosperous family 24.9%; the others upper class 16.3%, middle class 29.2%, unprosperous 17%, and lower class 12.5%. Education grade dominated by high school graduate 37.3%, occupation mostly farmer 35.4%, and Islam faith dominated 98.6%. The village orgware are: Peratin (headman), secretary, head offices (public, govermental, and development), and hamlet’s head. The characteristic of settlement are assemble longitudinal follow the road form, farmland in the back and close to the river. The socio-cultural’s characteristic that influence the settlement form is the life system of pi’il pesenggiri that someone’s valued well if has a good behaviour, this principle occur toward human peer, animal, and vegetation. Peratin’s and pemangku adat’s houses are located in the center of village that purpose to make the coordination of village orgware easier. Besides that, community self-help in every aspect of life, such as: cultivation and traditional ceremony, also strong kinship are make the space between houses very closed each other. In relationship with nature there is a motto Bumi Tuah Bepadan, that human and nature can’t separated. The main cause of displacement in village’s pattern is the attack of colonizer. The others, because of nature like earthquake, human growth, and asphalt road built. The village’s land use has change 42%. Landscape elements that is the settlement center are: square (public space that surrounding by offices), school, and mosque, with the main street that cut the area so that called linear-concentric pattern (longitudinal follow the road form but still have settlement center). The structure, function, and elements building are adapted to add the room (almost scaffolding house’s basements has been covered or built by wall). The built road (1 Ha) just in the village’s center so that the characteristic resistible. Historical landscape elementa in original form, structure, and function are 749 scaffolding house (±138 are >50 years old including lamban pesagi), village room, ancient mosque, lamban pamanohan (house of heirloom),balay (likes rice barn), cemetery, and archaeological site Batu Kepappang so that formed historical landscape unity that harmonious. This village has many variables that similar with villages around, that’s scaffolding houses. For aesthetics side, occur the changes but not change the character. Elements that different from surround villages: lamban pesagi, archeological site Batu Kepappang, dan lamban pamanohan. This village create enough the continuity and harmony for surroundings because look unite between scaffolding houses and nature. Archeological aspects indicated important value from traditional settlement likes archeological site Batu Kepappang and lamban pesagi. From historical side, have function associated to historical period because this village assured by Lampung people as their provenance before Islamic period. This village also influenced architectural history because the existence of lamban pesagi that >200 years old and other scafolding houses that influenced by technology in England and Netherland’s colonization. This village influenced regency history because this is the the part of development history, there is physical proof transition of puisance from Queen’s era(Hindu-Budha), Kingdom/Kesultanan (Islam), England and Netherland colonization, and Province area by territory (for the time being Province Bengkulu’s area). This village is battle filed for Bukit Kemuning’s people, North Front against Netherland colonizer.For the formal and informal’s economic value are low because the less of little shop, no restaurant, kiosks just in the village market, and there is one Alfamart retail shop in this village. The legend of Belasa Kepappang is popular also the socio-cultural activity likes ritual (not only popular in Lampung area but also in outside country). The last, group community are exist but not popular because only known in this village. The result of village area assesment is rehabilitate action with total value 41. The rehabilitation need to do by kept the traditional character of settlement that related to the architecture’s values, the increment of landscape elements must have a specific traditional character.