Desain alat transportasi ikan segar berpendingin untuk pedagang ikan keliling

Abstract

Deterioration of fish quality after catching is still quite high at about 27 percent. It caused by mishandling of fish during transportation from the fish auction to consumers. The mishandling of fish caused by transportation equipment that used by traders use styrofoam box and plastic buckets. The equipment is not effective to implement cold chain system. The transportation equipment is difficult to apply on a motorcycle so upset the balance of driving. This study aims to maintain the quality of fresh fish and facilitate the transport of fish for fish traders by motorcycle. To achieve these objectives is done by designing the fish refrigerated container Design steps of fish refrigerated container in this study includes the identification of user needs, determination of design criteria, conceptual design, design analysis, drafting, manufacture process and performance test. Identification of user needs carried out by determining the physical characteristics of fish and motorcycles, determine the trading activities, transportation equipment capacity and the duration of the transport process. Specified design criteria of refrigerated container are : (1) fish refrigerated container can maintain the fish temperature below 10 °C, (2) fish refrigerated container using thermoelectric cooler, (3) fish refrigerated container can maintain the fish quality, (4) fish refrigerated container compatible with a motorcycle, (5) fish refrigerated container could assist the fish trading. Functional design of refrigerated container are to maintain the fish temperature below 10 °C, to place the equipment of trading activities and set the refrigerated container on a motorcycle. The container was designed using alumuninum plat of 0.5 mm thick with 33 mm thick of polyurethane insulation. A thermoelectric cooler equipped with a heatsink and heat pipes were used for maintaining a lower temperature in the container and the motorcycle accu were used for power supply. As for fish traders, a pair of container was set on a motorcycle using a suspending frame. Design analysis showed that cooling load of refrigerated container was 11.21 Watts/container. Its derived from transmission load through walls was 7.24 Watt and air infiltration when opening and closing cap of refrigerated container was 3.97 Watts. Stress analysis of suspending frame showed that the stress distribution on suspending frame maximum was 8 x 106 N/m2 and yield strength values was 5.5 x 107 N/m2, while the maximum displacement occurring was 0.072 mm. Several performance tests were conducted using load and without load. Performance tests using load were carried out in actual tradings. Performance tests without load was conducted to determine the temperature of the fish storage and determine the COP of refrigerated container. Performance tests were carried by trader to determine the fish temperature, fish quality after transport activity and determine acceptance traders. In this study, also conducted economic studies for fish transportation. The performance test results showed that the refrigerated container could maintain the fish temperature below 3 0C for 3.8 hours. The container temperature without load reaches 11.1 0C to 15.5 0C for 120 minutes and the COP volue of refrigerated container was 0.33. Organoleptic value of fish after transport activities ranged from 7.1 to 7.3 and TPC value ranged from 23 x 103 to 24 x 103 colonies/g. TPC and organoleptic value of fish appropriate the quality standards of fresh fish, its showed that the refrigerated container could maintain the fish quality during the transport activity. Traders acceptance test of fish refrigerated container results showed values between 4.4 and 5 (between easy and very easy), its showed that the container is very easy to be used and greatly assist the fish trading. The economic studies results showed that refrigerated container could provide greater benefits about 578 thousand rupiah/month than used styrofoam box.