Kualitas infrastruktur transportasi dan kelembagaan serta pengaruhnya terhadap perdagangan internasional Indonesia

Abstract

The quality of transportation infrastructure and institution are important factors which determine trade performances through their costs, trade volumes and competitiveness. However, Indonesian infrastructure and institution performances tend to decrease. The two factors expected contribute to the low Indonesian trade competitiveness and economy. Although Indonesian trade growth tends to increase, the growth can be different among ASEAN countries. The differences depend on the quality of infrastructure and institution. This study aims to analyze the quality of Indonesian transportation infrastructure and institution and their impacts on the Indonesian trade. Panel using 6 years series and cross section data from 72 countries are used in the research. The fixed effect model is the main model. The results of this study show that the Indonesian quality of transportation infrastructure and institution has influenced the costs of production and trade volume. The quality of the Indonesian ports and the law efficiency are determinant factors of trade. Improvement of the ports quality especially ports capacities, handling efficiencies, delay times and integrated ports management will reduce trade costs and improve trade volumes. Moreover, improvement of law efficiencies or government bureaucracy by simplifying customs rules and institution coordination will reduce trade costs and increase trade volumes. These in turn will improve Indonesian trade competitiveness. Improvement of infrastructure quality particularly ports can be achieved when the increased national budget allocation and the effectiveness of national infrastructure budget through National Budget (APBN), Regional Budget (APBD) and private budgets are well identified. Hence, there will be priority scales on the Indoesian national development.