Pengaruh penggunaan varietas unggul terhadap efisiensi, pendapatan dan distribusi pendapatan petani jagung di Provinsi Gorontalo

Abstract

The research aims to: (1) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on farming feasibility, technological feasibility and income structure, (2) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on efficiency and factors influencing corn farmer inefficiency, (3) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on income of corn farmer household, (4) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on income distribution of corn farmer household. The research is conducted in Gorontalo Province, which is in Boalemo and Pohuwato Districts of Gorontalo Regency. Random sampling method is used in the research with 355 samples of farmer household. Using R/C ratio analysis, the change in technology utilization can be evaluated with simple partial budget analysis; whereas losses and gains analysis is used to evaluate the feasibility of changing on variety utilization using Cobb-Douglas’s stochastic frontier. In addition, allocative and economic efficiency are analyzed using input approach, and gini ratio is used to find out the income distribution of corn farmer household. Research results: (1) the change on variety technology by using new high yielding variety has produced additional profit for corn farmers; therefore the farming is feasible to be introduced, (2) the use of new high yielding variety is more efficient than the old variety. Factors causing technical inefficiency are year of education, membership in farmer group, access to credit and agriculture extension, (3) the use of new high yielding variety has significant and positive impact on income improvement of corn farming, (4) the change on technology, in this case, new high yielding variety, does not immediately shock income distribution due to activities shift in corn farmer household. Implication for policy, among others: (1) improvement on efficiency can be done through enhancement of farming management, either technical management or farmer’s managerial capability, (2) the availability of and access to job opportunity outside corn farming (especially non-agriculture) are needed through facilities and infrastructures support, and improvement on worker’s capacity to accelerate diversification and to increase income of small farmer household, (3) the availability of and access to field with supporting capital for the adoption of technology to increase corn farming and income of farmer household in aggregate. The availability of and access to job opportunity outside corn farming and non-agriculture are important instruments to increase farmer household’s income.