Biocompatibility of Bone Graft Combination Of Egg Shell Originated Hydroxyapatite with Chitosan and Tricalcium Phospate in the Remodelling of Sheep Bone Due to Artificial Defect

Abstract

Every year, thousands of people suffer from various bone diseases caused by trauma, tumors, or fractures. Loss and substantial damage to the bone and in various operations such as removal of bone tumors, hip joint prosthesis fitting, and other bone damage have increased the need for allograft bone. This condition is exacerbated by the lack of an ideal bone substitute (Murugan and Ramakhrisna 2004). As a result, it takes a variety of synthetic materials to limit the amount of tissue used in the allograft bone. Although commercially bone substitute materials are available (eg. Osteocel® Plus, cancellous Vitoss® Synthetic Bone Filler, OrthoBlast® II, etc.) but none of were to be made in Indonesia. Moreover, the commercial material or fabric weave is still confidential. Another disadvantage of commercial bone substitute materials is their high price and limited availability in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine the best choice of bone substitution between combinations of hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HATKF) and hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-K) for bone damage healing in sheep. The outcome of the study is expected to: (1) provide information about the efficacy of the two types of bone substitutes in terms of biocompatibility, osteoinduktif, and mechanical stability, (2) as a bone substitute material alternatives on the market, and (3) as the basis for its use in humans. We concluded that HA-TKF and HA-K implants did not cause significant disruption to the body. The healing process in the control bone were faster than both types of implanted bone grafts. However HA-TKF has good biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioresorbability, bioactivity and osteo conductivity properties than HA-K. Both types of implants have the potential to utilized as a bone substitute with further modifications such as: providing nanopore, changes in the composition of the implants, the use of implants in different bone, etc.